version 1.8-70

bug fixes

project(mask=TRUE) could fail with high-resolution global rasters because of date-line flipping SO 79708536 by Patrick
plot(pax=list(mgp=c(1,1,2)) now sets mgp seperately for horizontal and vertical axes #1873 by Hu shiyu
coltab(x, ..., layer=1)<- argument layer did not work for layer names #1879 by Alex Ilich
sds could create a SpatRasterDataset with SpatRasters with different spatial resolutions #1884 by Stefan Fallert
identical did not consider NA values #1890 by Facundo Muñoz
add_grid did not respect the clipping region if a second raster was added with add=TRUE #1889 by Lucas Salinas Morales
rast(x, type = "xyz") did not inherit CRS from a SpatVector #1886 by Danielle Ferraro
distance(values = TRUE) returned unexpected results #1891 by Jason Flower
plot with arguments for a continuous legend failed if no such legend was drawn #1897 by François Rousseu

enhancements

when computing aggregated time steps such as days from POSIXct (seconds) time, terra now uses the date in the specified time zone, unlike base as.Date that seems to return the date in the UTC time zone #1896 by Kodi Arfer
better support for creating a SpatVector with an EMPTY wkt geometry #1903 by Anatolii Tsyplenkov
makeTiles gains argument “value” to set the returned value to be the filenames (default), a SpatRaster or a SpatRasterCollection #1894 by Márcia Barbosa

new

it is now possible to create a SpatVector from Well Known Binary (WKB) data #1895 by Jan Hartman
resample now also accepts, instead of a template SpatRaster, one or two numbers to set the resolution of the output SpatRaster #1874 by Agustin Lobo

version 1.8-60

Released 2025-07-18

bug fixes

freq failed when using zones polygons that did not overlap with any cell centers SO 79654752 by M. Beausoleil
as.lines<SpatVector> with an empty SpatVector crashed R #1847 by Andrew Gene Brown
resample with method=“median” did not work #1855 by vmombo
terra did not install on 32-bit systems #1846 by Sergey Fedorov
terra did not install with GDAL < 3.1 #1853 by BastienFR
better assignment of a list to a new subsetted SpatVector variable #1867 by Alexandre Courtiol
nearest did not work well for lonlat polygons #1869 and with methods “cosine” and “haversine” by Alexandre Courtiol
polygon union failure when symdif returns lines #1866 by Reed Humphrey
where.max did not work properly when processing large files in chunks. #1858 by Tyler Hoecker
numerical layer indexing in extract was broken #1862 identified and fixed [#1863] (https://github.com/rspatial/terra/pull/1863) by Finn Lindgren

enhancements

freq has new argument “touches” to determine which cell to include if a zones polygon is used SO 79654752 by M. Beausoleil
plot with a continuous legend has new plg parameter “format” so that you can use scientific notation #1861 by Andrea Titolo
sprc<character> now also works for a single datasource raster #1860 by Anrew Gene Brown

version 1.8-54

Released 2025-06-01

bug fixes

plot<SpatRaster> using a value/color data.frame did not work correctly in all cases #1827 by Alexandre Courtiol
plot<SpatRaster> argument “alpha” did not work properly #1833 by strevisani
added the -lnetcdf flag needed for linking on some linuxes #1829 by Guillermo A. Durán Sanabria
in some cases the last block used in raster processing was too large and led to memory issues #1825 by Alex Ilich
==<SpatRaster> with multiple layers and categorical comparison failed #1836 by Andrew Gene Brown
wrteCDF failed when writing tags with illegal characters such as “{” or “(”, #1811 by Catalin Sorin Covaci
freq failed for an empty SpatRaster #1839 by Alex Ilich
writeVector with an empty SpatVector crashed R #1837 by Induriel
predict<SpatRaster> could fail with na.rm=TRUE and a block with NA values only #1843 by Alex Ilich
In some cases, rast interpreted a histogram attribute as a factor #1845 by Tiago A. Marques

enhancements

rast with multiple files and lyrs argument now applies the argument to each data source (file); unless numbers higher than the number of layers of the first source are included. #1838 by Pedro Tarroso

new

unloadGDALdrivers to disable selected GDAL drivers #1828 by Andy Teucher
experimental support for the GDAL multidimensional raster data interface via rast(md=TRUE)
ar_info to describe multidimensional (ncdf) raster files

version 1.8-50

Released 2025-05-09

bug fixes

rast(xyz=TRUE) failed if there was no z variable #1802 by Martin Jung
metags failed if a matrix was used #1803 by fchianucci
distance<SpatVector>(sequential=TRUE) did not return a vector with the first value of zero (and there was an additional value #1804 by Edward Lavender
depth information was dropped even when there was no reason for that #1806 by Daniel R Schlaepfer
plet did not work for logical SpatRasters #1820 by Andrew Gene Brown
extract<SpatRaster> with a “window” set, did not work properly #1819 by Derek Friend
extract<SpatRaster> with argument “layers” and xy=TRUE added an unexpected additional column #1818 by Breeze-Hu
extractRange now honors arguments bind and assigns ID within a list #1816 by WillhKessler
crop<SpatRaster,SpatVector>(mask=TRUE) did not crop if the SpatVector was (partly) outside the SpatVector #1824 by Márcia Barbosa

enhancements

init with a matrix argument now keeps the same row/col values #1801 Jakub Nowosad
rasterize now checks for very large numbers and switches to FLT8S if detected. #1797 by Evan Muise
rast, sds and sprc get new argument “guessCRS” to suppress CRS guessing #1800 by Aseem Sharma
plot<SpatRaster/SpatVector> with a continuous legend now responds to plg=list(horiz=TRUE)) #1805 by Nathanael Walker-Hale

new

spatSample(method="spread") to get an approximate regular sample of the cells that are not NA

version 1.8-42

Released 2025-04-02

bug fixes

min/max statistics computed when writing raster files did not exclude the user provided NA flag. #1752 by Agustin Lobo
installation failed for GEOS < 3.7 #1754 by Robert Butler
extract with points for rasters accessed over http could return NAs for some cells if the raster was large #1504 by Krzysztof Dyba
writeCDF now supports writing an empty crs #1759 by ForChimneySwifts
resample on flipped SpatRasters failed. #1760 by Andrew Gene Brown
spatSample<SpatRaster>(method="regular", xy=TRUE) ignored the second “size” number when using two numbers (row, col) #1766 by Barnabas Harris
plet<SpatRaster> failed when trying to display multiple layers #1787 by Emanuele Cordano

enhancements

georeferenced rasters that are flipped are now identified as such that there no longer is a need for flip(r, “vertical”) after opening the file. #1753 by enatijohnson
metags now supports raster metadata domains
extract with a vector of two non-integers triggers a warning (possible point vs cellnumber confusion) #1757 by Michael Sumner
writeCDF now supports four dimensions (x, y, depth and time) #1756 by ForChimneySwifts
vect and svc now have argument “dialect” to select an SQL dialect #1750 by Michael Sumner
extract<SpatVector,SpatVector> now has argument “count” to get point-in-polygon counts
spatSample can now take a random or regular sample along lines
plot gained arguments to control the legend title (including leg.title.x, leg.title.y, leg.title.srt) and some tweaks to the defaults to improve the default title position of horizontal continuous legends #1774 by Fengyu Fu
plot gained argument “reverse” (more general then argument “decreasing” that it replaces) to reverse the order of a legend SO 79515400 by Laura Roich
spatSample<SpatRaster>(method="stratified") now also finds cells for very small strata in big rasters (suggested by Andrea Duane).
plot<SpatVector> now also has argument “fun” #1786 by Márcia Barbosa
plot<SpatRaster/Vector> now also has argument “sub” to set a subtitle #1790 by Agustin Lobo
distance<SpatVector,SpatVector> now has argument “use_nodes” to speed things up for lon/lat data #1722 by Márcia Barbosa

new

writeRaster and other methods that can write raster data can now set metadata.
split<SpatVector,SpatVector> method for lines #1374 by MTueting
depthName, depthName<-, depthUnit, and depthUnit<- methods
is.num<SpatRaster> SO 795026641 by Jacob Strunk
simplifyLevels to combine duplicate categories. #1769 by Erik Ertsgaard

version 1.8-29

Released 2025-02-26

bug fixes

cover<SpatRaster> did not work well if multiple replacement values were supplied #1741 by Tim Howard
ext<-<SpatRaster,SpatExtent> made a shallow copy. Reported on SO 79440691 by katefull06 and as #1743 by Agustin Lobo
extract<SpatRaster> with cells only used the NA flag for the first data source. GSE 490433 by MartinL

enhancements

spatSample<SpatRaster> and spatSample<SpatExtent> gain argument “exact=FALSE” to request the exact (but perhaps less regular) sample size for a regular sample. Currently only for planar crs.
spatSample<SpatRaster> gains argument “each=TRUE” to request, when using stratified sampling, a sample size for each stratum, or for all strata combined.
focal now maintains categories with “fun=modal”, “min”, “max”, or “first” SO 79449904 by Sophie Père

new

clearVSIcache. Suggested by Shannon Albeke

version 1.8-21

Released 2025-02-10

bug fixes

sieve failed with large rasters #1729 by Reed Humphrey
extractRange only worked for SpatVector, not for matrix or vector #1733 by Victor Van der Meersch
extract<SpatRaster> over https with a multilayer SpatRaster returned the values for the first layer for all layer #1736 by Shannon Albeke

enhancements

new argument xyz=“” to the rast<SpatVector> method
new arguments “type” and “breaks” to plet<SpatRaster> method #1187 by Augustin Lobo
new argument “cores” in lapp<SpatRasterDataset> #1190 by kel44
aggregate<SpatRaster> now handles fun="table" #1662 by Fernando Aramburu.

new

is.flipped<SpatRaster> method #1627 by Timothée Giraud
as.array<SpatRasterDataset> method
distance<SpatRaster,missing> now has argument “values”. If TRUE, the values of the nearest non-target cell is returned instead of the distance #1243 by Simon Dedman
thresh<SpatRaster> #1233 by Agustin Lobo

version 1.8-15

Released 2025-01-24

bug fixes

readRDS failed for rasters with timestep=“seconds” #1711 by Pascal Oettli
divide<SpatVector> always returned NULL #1724 by Márcia Barbosa
erase failed in some cases #1710 by erkent-carb

enhancements

bestMatch now has argument “fun” to allow the use of different distance measures, and a method
wrap (and writeRDS) now captures varnames/longnames #1719 by Andrew Gene Brown
improved raster metadata writing #1714 by Andrew Gene Brown
vect and writeVector now properly read and write date and datetime data. #1718 by Andrew Gene Brown
improved estimate of available memory on linux systems #1506 by Cedric Rossi

version 1.8-10

Released 2025-01-13

bug fixes

expanse<SpatRaster>(transform=TRUE) crashed R when the crs was “local”. #1671 by Michael Chirico
patches(values=TRUE) wrapped around the edges #1675 by Michael Chirico
spin now correctly handles spherical coordinates #1576 by jeanlobry
mosaic sometimes crashed R #1524 by John Baums, Dave Klinges, and Hugh Graham.
spatSample ignored argument “exp” when taking a random sample with na.rm=TRUE on a large raster #1437 by Babak Naimi
split<SpatVector,SpatVector> did not work properly #1619 by Michael Sumner
autocor improved handling of NA cells for global Moran computation #1992 by Nicholas Berryman
shade is more memory-safe. #1452 by Francis van Oordt and Chris English
fixed bug in rasterize revealed when using crop(mask=TRUE) #1686 by edixon1
fixed to_id = NA bug in nearest #1471 by Mats Blomqvist
better handling of date/unit #1684 and #1688 by Andrew Gene Brown
spatSample(method="regular") on a raster with one column returned too many samples #1362 by Daniel R Schlaepfer

enhancements

plot<SpatVector> now uses the same default viridis color palette as plot<SpatRaster> #1670 by Márcia Barbosa
relate now accepts relation=“equals” #1672 by Krzysztof Dyba
init now accepts additional arguments for function “fun”
better handling of the 32 connections limitation set by the HDF4 library #1481 by Dimitri Falk
When using RStudio a once per session warning is given when using draw, sel or click #1063 by Sergei Kharchenko
distance<SpatRaster> from lon and lat lines/polygons computes distance to the edges instead of the nodes #1462 by Derek Friend
distance<SpatVector,SpatVector> now works for lon/lat data #1615 by Wencheng Lau-Medrano
using overviews for faster plotting of COGs over http #1353 by Michael Sumner and #1412; and argument plot(x, overview=) to change the default behavior.
extract with points is now faster for rasters accessed over http #1504 by Krzysztof Dyba
extract with many points on very large rasters was slower in compared to doing the same with “raster” (which uses terra for that!) #1584 by Hassan Masoomi
merge now has three alternative algorithms 1366 by Hassan Masoomi and #1650 by Agustin Lobo

new

$<SpatRaster> can now be used to get a categorical SpatRaster with a different active category
scale_linear<SpatRaster> method for linear scaling of cell values between a minimum and maximum value such as 0 and 1
distance and related methods get argument “method” to choose the distance algorithm for lon/lat data #1677 by Márcia Barbosa
divide<SpatRaster> and divide<SpatVector> methods
nseg counts the number of segments in a SpatVector #1647 by Michael Chirico
extract argument “search_radius” to extract values from the nearest raster cell that is not NA #873 by matthewseanmarcus
combineLevels to combine the levels of all layers SO 79340152 by Sam

version 1.8-5

Released 2024-12-12

bug fixes

spatSample(method='stratified', ext=e) returned the wrong sampling coordinates #1628 by Barnabas Harris
spatSample(method='stratified') could fail with small sample sizes #1503 by karluf
transparency (alpha) did not work with RGB plotting. #1642 by Timothée Giraud
rasterization failed on very large rasters #1636 by Mary Fisher, #1463 by Nic Spono and #1281 by Sebastian Dunnett
tmpFiles only looked in the default temp files folder #1630 by smckenzie1986
where.min did not work well if there were negative values #1634 by Michael Sumner
plet<SpatRaster> now works for RGB rasters and rasters with a color table #1596 by Agustin Lobo
vect<MULTIPOINT WKT> did not work properly #1376 by silasprincipe
compareGeom<SpatVector> did not work #1654 by Jason Flower
buffer<SpatVector> is now more accurate for lonlat polygons #1616 by Roberto Amaral-Santos
terra:interpNear used square windows, not circles, beyond 100 points #1509 by Jean-Luc Dupouey
vect read INT64 fields as integers, sometimes leading to overflows. #1666 by bengannon-fc
plot showed a legend title even if none was requested if title parameters were specified . #1664 by Márcia Barbosa

enhancements

improved documentation of writeVector overwrite when using layers. #1573 by Todd West
improved treatment of (supposedly) flipped rasters by Timothée Giraud #1627 and fchianucci #1646
added map.pal("random") #1631 by Agustin Lobo
expressions can now be used in legend titles #1626 by Noah Goodkind
app and tapp now emit a warning when factors are coerced to numeric #1566 by shuysman
plet<SpatRaster> now has argument “stretch” for RGB rasters #1596 by Agustin
%% and %/% now behave the same for SpatRaster as for (base R) numbers #1661 by Klaus Huebert

new

patches with option valus=TRUE can now distinguish regions based on their cell values (instead of only NA vs not-NA) #495 by Jakub Nowosad and #1632 by Agustin Lobo
rowSums, rowMeans, colSums and colMeans for SpatRaster
metags for SpatRasterDataset #1624 by Andrea Manica
metags for layers (bands) of SpatRaster are now saved to and read from GTiff files #1071 by Mike Koontz
global has new effcient functions “anyNA” and “anynotNA” #1540 by Kevin J Wolz
wrap, saveRDS and serialize for SpatExtent. #1430 by BastienFR
vect<SpatGraticule> method suggested in relation to tidyterra #155 by Diego Hernangómez
toMemory<SpatRaster> and <SpatRasterDataset> methods #1660 by Derek Friend

version 1.7-83

Released 2024-10-14

bug fixes

flip(direction="vertical") failed in some cases #1518 by Ed Carnell
zonal(as.raster=TRUE) failed when the zonal raster was categorical 1514 by Jessi L Brown
distance<data.frame,data.frame> and <matrix,matrix> ignored the unit argument. #1545 by Wencheng Lau-Medrano
NetCDF files with month time-step encode from 0-11 made R crash #1544 by Martin Holdrege
split<SpatVector> only worked well if the split field was of type character. #1530 by Igor Graczykowski
gridDist (and probably some other methods) emitted a “cannot overwrite existing file” error when processing large datasets #1522 by Clare Pearson
terrain did not accept multiple variables #1561 by Michael Mahoney
rotate was vulnerable to an integer overflow #1562 by Sacha Ruzzante
getTileExtents could return overlapping tiles or tiles with gaps due to floating point imprecision. #1564 by Michael Sumner
rasterize with points failed when using update=TRUE #1611 by Jordan Adamson
buffer on a lonlat multipoint SpatVector returned a buffer around a single point. #1607 by Márcia Barbosa
buffer<SpatVector> no longer crashes (for particular cases and unknown reasons) on windows #1331 by Julian090601, #1363 by Rupert Overall and #1531 by Igor Graczykowski

enhancements

as.list<SpatRasterDataset> sets the names of the list #1513
a SpatVectorCollection can now be subset with its names; and if made from a list it takes the names from the list. 1515 by jedgroev
argument fill_range to plot and plot<SpatVector> to use the color of the extreme values of the specified range #1553 by Mike Koontz
plet<SpatRaster> can now handle rasters with a “local” (Cartesian) CRS. #1570 by Augustin Lobo.
geom can now return “wkb” #1609
faster plotting when color names are used. In response to question by Olle on gis.stackexchange.com

new

map_extent returns the coordinates of the axes position of a map created with plot<Spat*> #1517 by Daniel Schuch
polys<leaflet> method #1543 by Márcia Barbosa
plot<SpatVectorCollection> method #1532 by jedgroev
add_mtext to add text around the margins of a map. #1567 by Daniel Schuch

version 1.7-78

Released 2024-05-22

bug fixes

writeVector and readVector better handle empty geopackage layers #1426 by Andrew Gene Brown.
writeCDF only wrote global variables if there was more than one #1443 by Daniel Schlaepfer
rasterize with “by” returned odd layernames #1435 by Philippe Massicotte
convHull, minCircle and minRect with a zero-row SpatVector crashed R #1445 by Andrew Gene Brown
rangeFill with argument circular=TRUE did not work properly #1460 by Alice
crs(describe = TRUE) returned an mis-ordered extent #1485 by Dimitri Falk
tapp with a custom function and an index like “yearmonths” could shift time for not considering the time zone. #1483 by Finn Roberts
plot<SpatRaster> could fail when there were multiple values with very small differences #1491 by srfall
as.data.frame<SpatRaster> with “xy=TRUE” and “wide=FALSE” could fail if coordinates were very similar #1476 by Pascal Oettli
rasterizeGeom now returns the correct layer name #1472 by HRodenhizer
cellSize with “mask=TRUE” failed if the output was to be written to a temp file #1496 by Pascal Sauer
ext<SpatVectorProxy> did not return the full extent #1501 by erkent-carb

enhancements

extract has new argument “small=TRUE” to allow for strict use of “touches=FALSE” #1419 by Floris Vanderhaeghe.
as.list<SpatRaster> has new argument “geom=NULL”
rast<list> now recognizes (x, y, z) base R “image” structures SO 77949551 by Ignacio Marzan.
inset has new arguments “offset” and “add” #1422 by Armand-CT
expanse<SpatRaster> has argument usenames #1446 by Bappa Das
the default color palette is now terra::map.pal("viridis") instead of terrain.colors. The default can be changes with options(terra.pal=...) #1474 by Derek Friend
as.list<SpatRasterDataset> now returns a named list. #1513 by Eric R. Scott

new

bestMatch<SpatRaster> method
argument “pairs=TRUE” to cells #1487 by Floris Vanderhaeghe
add_grid to add a grid to a map

version 1.7-71

Released 2024-01-31

bug fixes

k_means did not work if there were NAs #1314 by Jakub Nowosad
layerCor with a custom function did not work anymore #1387 by Jakub Nowosad
plet broke when using “panel=TRUE” #1384 by Elise Hellwig
using /vis3/ to open a SpatRaster did not work #1382 by Mike Koontz
plot<SpatRaster>(add=TRUE) sampled the raster data without considering the extent of the map. #1394 by Márcia Barbosa
plot<SpatRaster>(add=TRUE) now only considers the first layer of a multi-layer SpatRaster 1395 by Márcia Barbosa
set.cats failed with a tibble was used instead of a data.frame #1406 by Mike Koontz
polys argument “alpha” was ignored if a single color was used. #1413 by Derek Friend
query ignore the “vars” argument if all rows were selected. #1398 by erkent-carb.
spatSample ignored “replace=TRUE” with random sampling, na.rm=TRUE, and a sample size larger than the non NA cells. #1411 by Babak Naimi
spatSample sometimes returned fewer values than requested and available for lonlat rasters. #1396 by Márcia Barbosa.

enhancements

vect<character> now has argument “opts” for GDAL open options, e.g. to declare a file encoding. #1389 by Mats Blomqvist
plot(plg=list(tic="")) now allows choosing alternative continuous legend tic-mark styles (“in”, “out”, “through” or “none”)
makeTiles has new argument “buffer” #1408 by Joy Flowers.

new

prcomp<SpatRaster> method #1361 by Jakub Nowosad
add_box to add a box around the map. The box is drawn where the axes are, not around the plotting region.
getTileExtents provides the extents of tiles. These may be used in parallelization. See #1391 by Alex Ilich.

version 1.7-65

Released 2023-12-15

bug fixes

flip with argument direction="vertical" filed in some cases with large rasters processed in chunks SO 77304534 by Dulci
SpatRaster now correctly handles NA & FALSE and NA | TRUE #1316 by John Baums
set.names wasn’t working properly for SpatRasterDataset or SpatRasterCollection #1333 by Derek Friend
extract with argument “layer” not NULL shifted the layers #1332 by Ewan Wakefield
terraOptions did not capture “memmin” on SO 77552234 by dww
rasterize with points and a built-in function could crash if no field was used #1369 by anjelinejeline

enhancements

mosaic can now use fun="modal"
rast<matrix> and rast<data.frame> now have option ’type=“xylz” #1318 by Agustin Lobo
extract<SpatRaster,SpatVector> can now use multiple summarizing functions #1335 by Derek Friend
disagg and focal have more optimistic memory requirement estimation #1334 by Mikko Kuronen

new

k_means<SpatRaster> method #1314 by Agustin Lobo
princomp<SpatRaster> method #1361 by Alex Ilich
has.time<SpatRaster> method
new argument “raw=FALSE” to rast, sds, and sprc to allow ignoring scale and offset 1354 by Insang Song

version 1.7-55

Released 2023-10-14

bug fixes

mosaic ignored the filename argument if the SpatRasterCollection only had a single SpatRaster #1267 by Michael Mahoney
Attempting to use extract with a raster file that had been deleted crashed R. #1268 by Derek Friend
split<SpatVector,SpatVector> did not work well in all cases. #1256 by Derek Corcoran Barrios
intersect with two SpatVectors crashed R if there was a date/time variable #1273 by Dave Dixon
“values=FALSE” was ignored by spatSample<SpatRaster>(method="weights") #1275 by François Rousseu
coltab<- again works with a list as value #1280 by Diego Hernangómez
stretch with histogram equalization was not memory-safe #1305 by Evan Hersh
plot now resets the “mar” parameter #1297 by Márcia Barbosa
plotRGB ignored the “smooth” argument #1307 by Timothée Giraud

enhancements

argument “gdal” in project was renamed to “use_gdal” #1269 by Stuart Brown.
SpatVector attributes can now be stored as an ordered factor #1277 by Ben Notkin
plot<SpatVector> now uses an “interval” legend when breaks are supplied #1303 by Gonzalo Rizzo
crop<SpatRaster> now keeps more metadata, including variable names #1302 by rhgof
extract(fun="table") now returns an easier to use data.frame #1294 by Fernando Aramburu.

new

metags<- and metags to set arbitrary SpatRaster/file level metadata #1304 by Francesco Chianucci

version 1.7-46

Released 2023-09-06

bug fixes

plot<SpatVector> used the wrong main label in some cases #1210 by Márcia Barbosa
plotRGB failed with an “ext=” argument #1228 by Dave Edge
rast<array> failed badly when the array had less than three dimensions. #1254 by andreimirt.
all.equal for a SpatRaster with multiple layers #1236 by Sarah Endicott
zonal(wide=FALSE) could give wrong results if the zonal SpatRaster had “layer” as layername. #1251 by Jeff Hanson
panel now support argument “range” #141 by Jakub Nowosad
rasterize with by= returned wrong layernames if the by field was not sorted #1266 by Sebastian Dunnett
mosaic with multiple layers was not correct #1262 by Jean-Romain

enhancements

wrap<SpatRaster> now stores color tables #1215 by Patrick Brown
global now has a “maxcell” argument #1213 by Alex Ilich
layerCor with fun=‘pearson’ now returns output with the layer names #1206
vrt now has argument “set_names” #1244 by sam-a-levy
vrt now has argument “return_filename” #1258 by Krzysztof Dyba
project<SpatRaster> has new argument “by_util” exposing the GDAL warp utility #1222 by Michael Sumner.

new

compareGeom for list and SpatRasterCollection #1207 by Sarah Endicott
is.rotated<SpatRaster> method #1229 by Andy Lyons
forceCCW<SpatVector> method to force counter-clockwise orientation of polygons #1249 by srfall.
vrt_tiles returns the filenames of the tiles in a vrt file #1261 by Derek Friend
extractAlong to extract raster cell values for a line that are ordered along the line. #1257 by adamkc.

version 1.7-39

Released 2023-06-23

bug fixes

the tempdir option did not use path.expand. #1195 by Alex Ilich
the layer names returned by predict where inconsistent when using argument “index”. #1194 by Michael Mahoney
compilation failed with older compilers because of use of std::filesystem #1191
Small changes to RGB<- and coltab<- so that terra can be installed with R-devel (after a bug fix https://bugs.r-project.org/show_bug.cgi?id=18538)

version 1.7-37

Released 2023-06-18

bug fixes

rasterize with points and a custom function did not work for large rasters. #1127 by Skip Woolley
crop<SpatRaster, SpatVector> with “mask=TRUE” did not work well if the raster had a scale/offset #1128 by Monika Anna Tomaszewska
zonal<SpatRaster> with a custom function always removed NAs. #1133 by Matthias Weigand
wrap<SpatRaster> lost changed layer names if the source was from disk; and information on some time-step in some cases. #1144 by Pascal Führlich
global(fun="isNA") was not correct when the SpatRaster had multiple layers #1141 by Robin Freeman
interpIDW with near=TRUE did not work properly (near=TRUE is now the default). #1186 by Hugh Graham
“YYYY-1-1” was sometimes encoded as “YYYY-13-1”. #1168 by Colin Brust

enhancements

panel for categorical SpatRasters. #1143 by Jason Flower
argument “ext” in plot<SpatRaster> can now also expand the plot. #1136 by Jakub Nowosad.
argument overwrite=FALSE to makeTiles. #1167 by Gray Martin.
legend options for <plet,SpatVector>. #1177 by Agustin Lobo.
better handling of mixed geometry type vector data by vect and svc. #1160 by Mike Sumner.
new argument sql to query<SpatVectorProxy>. #1157 by Carl Boettiger
support for writing raster data to a vitual file system #1209 by Carl Boettiger

new

wrap<SpatRasterDataset> and wrap<SpatRasterCollection> methods. #954 by James Camac

version 1.7-29

Released 2023-04-22

new

regress<SpatRaster,numeric> to get regression model coefficients for each cell, with a fixed “X”.
regress<SpatRaster,SpatRaster> to get regression model coefficients for each cell.

enhancements

lapp<SpatRasterDataset> is now more flexible in that it can now also use functions that are vectorized by cell, not by chunk. See #1029
project<SpatVector> has new argument “partial=FALSE” that can be used to keep geometries that can only be partially included in the output crs.
extracting a SpatVector column with a non-existing variable name now returns NULL (because that is what a data.frame does) instead of throwing an error. #1118 by Derek Friend.

bug fixes

a problem with reading empty categories in .img files created buggy SpatRasters
global with fun=“notNA” was wrong #111 by Jeffrey Hanson
extract<SpatRaster,SpatVector> with “bind=TRUE” did not work
extract<SpatRaster,SpatVector> with point geometries and a “fun” returned values in the wrong order
plot<SpatRaster> argument “colNA” did not work when “alpha” was also set #1102 by Márcia Barbosa
crop<SpatRaster> with “extend=TRUE” did not extend the SpatRaster if the input had no cell values. #1114 by Jasper van Doninck
setting a factor or date/time variable in a SpatVector did not work #1117 by MK Schneider
focalMat did not work well when using terraOptions(todisk=T) #1116

version 1.7-23

Released 2023-04-08

new

The halo function for adding halo-ed text to plots is now exposed
add_legend to allow using a keyword such as “topleft” to position a custom legend. #1053 by Márcia Barbosa
the same.crs function is now exported
countNA<SpatRaster> method
split<SpatVector,SpatVector> to split polygons with lines

enhancements

better support for other color spaces than RGB #1060 by Dominic Royé
path expansion in writeVector #1055 by Andrew Gene Brown.
clamp<SpatRaster> now also accepts SpatRasters to set the lower and upper boundaries.
freq has new arguments “zones=NULL” and “wide=FALSE”, to allow tabulation of values by zone.
expanse<SpatRaster> has new arguments “zones=NULL” and “wide=FALSE”, to allow tabulation of values by zone.
unique<SpatRaster> has new argument “digits=NA”
rasterize<SpatRaster,SpatVector> now accepts fun=“table” to tabulate cells by cell value
rast<character> has new argument “snap” to snap the window in or out. #1094 by Derek Friend
plot has new argument “clip=TRUE” that can be set to FALSE to avoid clipping the axes to the mapped area #1080 by Márcia Barbosa
better error message when coercing an sf object that is not fully formed #1098 by Brandon McNellis
writeCDF<SpatRaster> had new argument “split” allowing to treat each layer as a subdataset #1077 by Andrea Manica
global now accepts multiple summarizing functions

bug fixes

A SpatRaster with RGB layers was forced to INT1U when writing #1051 by Cesar Aybar
In files with multiple vector layers, the crs of the first layer was always used; ignoring that the crs could be different for other layers #1052 by Andrew Gene Brown
sieve was not able to write to file #1061 by leo
rasterize did not work with sf objects #1054 by Jakub Nowosad
query did not work for hyphenated layer names #1058 by Robbie Price
focal3D na.policy did not work #1057 by Flávio Mota
layerCor with na.rm=TRUE failed for a SpatRaster with more than 2 layers #1056 by Alex Ilich.
inset with keyword positioning did not work well #1053 by Márcia Barbosa
yearmonths time stamps were not read from file for years <1970 and >2037 #1062 by Colin Brust
compareGeom did not work for multiple SpatRasters #1063
viewshed could not handle a filename argument. #1100 by kamistick

version 1.7-18

Released 2023-03-06

new

argument order=FALSE to sort<SpatRaster>
sort<SpatVector> (and <data.frame> method
argument by=NULL to rasterize> #986 by Sam Weber
meta<SpatRaster> method to get metadata
compare<SpatRaster> and logic<SpatRaster> methods
vect<SpatExtent> method
panel<SpatRaster> for “panel” plots (multiple layers, single legend)

enhancements

it is now possible to save terra options across sessions #995 by Guillaume Patoine.
better warnings for is.lonlat #1006 by Andrew Gene Brown
argument na.rm to merge<SpatRaster>
the axes of maps created with plot are now snug around the mapped area, instead of at the limits of the graphics figure region.
C++ cleaning to avoid warnings by clang-tidy (e.g. now using .empty() instead of .size()==0). [#1013-1017] by Michael Chirico
rasterize with lines and polygons can now use the “fun” argument (for min, max, mean, and sum) #1041 by Bart Huntley

bug fixes

the legend created by plet was not always correct. #983 by Simon Rolph
spatSample<SpatRaster>(regular=TRUE) failed with providing two numbers (row, col) as sample size. #991 by srfall
merge<SpatRaster> did not ignore NAs #1002 by jmmonnet.
writeCDF failed when using argument force_v4 #1009 by R. Kyle Bocinsky
predict better handling of rasters with many NAs #988 by Lucas Johnson
layerCor did not handle NAs well if they were in different cells across layers #1034 by François Rousseu.

version 1.7-3

Released 2023-01-24

new

argument w to zonal<SpatRaster,SpatRaster> to compute weighted means
zonal<SpatRaster,SpatVector> method
clamp_ts method

bug fixes

in the previous version, a bug was introduced such that the order of operation in arithmetic operations with SpatRasters was ignored. #978 by Andrew Marx
Fixed split<SpatVector>. #979 by srfall
spatSample with as.df=FALSE returned a data.frame instead of a matrix #982 by Alex Ilich

version 1.6-53

Released 2023-01-17

new

arithmetic and logical operations between a SpatRaster and a matrix, to allow for using cell-varying and cell/layer-varying scalars. layer-varying scalars were already supported via vectors.

enhancements

shade is now vectorized for arguments angle and direction to facilitate generating multiple hillshades that can be combined for a better result #948 by Jürgen Niedballa
sharedPaths now uses spatial indices #960 by Jeff Hanson
predict has better support for models such as ranger that do not return anything for missing values #968 by Alex Ilich

bug fixes

writeCDF now supports writing yearly time steps #926 by Andrea Manica
as.contour now works for a single level #966 by Johannes Signer
subsetting a SpatRaster with a window returned a SpatRaster with the dimensions of the non-windowed raster, thus changing the resolution. #964 by Derek Friend
removing a factor variable from a SpatVector crashed R. #969 by Andrew Gene Brown
median did not always return the correct number for a SpatRaster with 3 or more layers #970 by MatteaE

version 1.6-47

Released 2022-12-02

new

roll<SpatRaster> method for rolling (moving) average and other rolling functions
noNA<SpatRaster> method to identify cells that are not NA (across layers)
rangeFill<SpatRaster> method

enhancements

argument exhaustive to spatSample<SpatRaster> for large sparse rasters. [#905] by PetiteTong.
focalPairs and focalReg can now use the values in custom windows as weights. [#907] by Fabian Fischer.
focalReg now has additional argument “intercept=TRUE”. [#916] by Jordan Adamson
crs(x, warn=TRUE)<- now emits a warning about the difference between transforming and setting a crs when x already had a crs. [#897] by Márcia Barbosa.
it is now possible to write a scale and offset with writeRaster [#900] by Kyle David
crosstab now shows the labels names for a categorical SpatRaster. [895] by Derek Corcoran Barrios
makeTiles can now take a SpatVector to define the tiles. [920] by Tristan Goodbody

bug fixes

focalPairs and focalReg now work for custom windows [#907] by Fabian Fischer
argument “alpha” in plot<SpatVector> was not working properly. [#906] by Márcia Barbosa.
time<- with time-step “years” could not handle negative years. [#911] by Andrea Manica
wrap/unwrap (and by extension saveRDS/readRDS) did not handle categorical rasters well [#912] by Christine Anderson.
interpIDW failed with GDAL 3.6 [#910] by Roger Bivand
spatSample with strata bug fix “unable to find an inherited method for function ‘trim’” [#919] by Alfredo Ascanio
it is possible to slice a SpatRaster with a SpatExtent [#914] by Jakub Nowosad.
merge/mosaic did not handle NAs when using two layers [#913] by Joao Carreiras.

name changes

focalCor -> focalPairs to reflect its possible use beyond correlation

version 1.6-41

Released 2022-11-18

new

[ and [<- for SpatRaster now have a third index k for subsetting or assigning values by layer
anyNA and allNA for SpatRaster
unwrap to restore a PackedSpatVector or PackedSpatRaster
rasterizeWin method for rasterization with a moving window (circle, ellipse, rectangle, buffer)
interpIDW method for inverse-distance-weighted interpolation of points with a moving window
interpNear method for nearest neighbor interpolation of points with a moving window
viewshed method for SpatRaster
update method for SpatRaster to write new names or a new extent or crs to an existing raster file.
sieve filter for SpatRaster
argument segments=FALSE to disagg<SpatRaster>
sprc<character> method to create a SpatRasterCollection from a file with subdatasets
graticule function to create a SpatGraticule and related methods plot<SpatGraticule> and crop<SpatGraticule>
elongate method for SpatVector lines

enhancements

faster mosaic and merge<SpatRaster> [#577] by Jean-Romain
wrap<SpatRaster> now uses file references if the data is deemed too large to all load into memory. [#801] by Jean-Romain
readRDS and unserialize now return a SpatRaster or SpatVector (instead of a PackedSpat*)
better support for a “local” arbitrary Euclidean crs [#797] by Agustin Lobo
clamp can now take low and high values for each layer
The pax argument in plot now provides more control over what to draw on each axis via parameters side, tick and lab
The pax argument in plot now has argument retro to use a sexagesimal notation of degrees
extend has a new argument fill=NA
A warning is now given when combining SpatRasters with different CRSs. [#818] by Andrew Marx
plotRGB now accounts for the value of zlim when stretching; allowing to use the same coloring scheme across SpatRasters [#810] by Agustin Lobo.
the center of rotation for spin is now vectorized

bug fixes

The annoying garbage collection messages Error in x$.self$finalize() : attempt to apply non-function is now suppressed in most cases. [#218] by Charlie Joey Hadley. This problem should go away altogether when a new version of “Rcpp” is released (ETA Jan 2023) thanks to a fix by Kevin Ushey [#30]
spatSample with na.rm and SpatRasters with multiple layers did not work. [#800] by Andrea Manica
adjacent<SpatRaster> with pairs=TRUE, include=TRUE ignored include=TRUE [#808] by Joseph Lewis
rasterize did not accept “NA” as value for updating [#809] by Márcia Barbosa
extract with a perfectly vertical or horizontal line failed in some cases [#823] by Dimitri Falk
wrap<SpatVector> failed if there was a single point geometry [#815] by Patrick Schaefer
extract<SpatRaster> with weights=TRUE did not return values [#814] by Jean-Luc Dupouey.
x[["newname"]] <- r for SpatRasters x and r did not work [#795] by Jim Shady
fixed support for some non-conventional netCDF files [#869] by Mike Sumner, [#864] by eleanorecc, and [#851] by Philippe Massicotte.

name changes

costDistance -> costDist to avoid conflict with {gdistance}
gridDistance -> gridDist for consistency

version 1.6-17

Released 2022-09-10

new

droplevels for SpatRaster. [#757] by Rodolfo Jaffe.
normalize.longitude for SpatVector.
scoff to get and scoff<- to set the scale (gain) and offset of a SpatRaster.

enhancements

new argument raw=FALSE to extract<SpatRaster> [#776] by Thomas Roh.
as.data.frame now takes na.rm=NA to only remove rows that are NA for all layers. The default value changed from TRUE to NA. [#792] by Ed Carnell
faster plotting of SpatVector data [#774] by Krzysztof Dyba
distance<SpatRaster> has new arguments “target” and “exclude”. [#560] by Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr
new argument sparse=FALSE for `relate<SpatVector,SpatVector>.
new argument usenames=FALSE for lapp<SpatRasterDataset> [#793] by Colin Brust.
vect<character> now reports that a file is non-existent [#784] by John Baums
faster relate [#716] by Krzysztof Dyba
focal3D now checks if all the window’s dimensions are odd [#772] by Neander Marcel Heming

bug fixes

all.equal bug [#756] fixed by John Baums
extract<"SpatRaster","sf"> ignored the ID argument. [#755] by Dainius Masiliūnas.
There is now (in all cases) a check to avoid overwriting (one of) the input file(s) when writing a raster file [#760] by John Baums
vrt is no longer constrained by the maximum number of files that can be opened [#780] by 8Ginette8
weighted.mean crashed with numeric weights and na.rm=TRUE [#777] by David Holstius
project<SpatRaster> did not consider an extent that was set by the user [#775] by Philippe Massicotte
focalCor failed for large rasters [#607] by John Clark
focal with expand=TRUE was prone to run out of memory [#610] by Nathan Elliott
crop<SpatVector> did not work well when the second argument were points or lines [#782] by Márcia Barbosa
adjacent with pairs=TRUE now respects the include=TRUE argument [808] by Joseph Lewis

version 1.6-7

Released 2022-08-07

new

method blocks to guide reading raster data in chunks. [#748] by John Baums

enhancements

A warning is given when writing raster values that are outside the limits of the requested datatype [#752] by Jim Shady
Arguments to extract were simplified. [#736] by François Rousseu

bug fixes

values of focal where not correct if the input SpatRaster had multiple layers and a “custom” function. [#727] by Jean-Luc Dupouey.
plot<SpatRaster> did not honor argument legend=FALSE. [#738] by Grzegorz Sapijaszko
expanse failed when processing in chunks [#741] by Gareth Davies
crop<SpatRaster,SpatExtent> with argument snap="out" could lead to a crash if the extent was beyond the SpatRaster. [#740] by Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini

version 1.6-3

Released 2022-07-25

bug fixes

subst no longer uses values that it changed earlier on. [#639] by Paul Smith
as.points<SpatRaster> could return wrong factor labels. [#640] by Attilio Benini
mask<SpatRaster,SpatVector> crashed when the results were written to disk. [#646] by Monika Anna Tomaszewska
extract<SpatRaster,SpatVector(points)>(xy=TRUE) returned the locations of the points, not the xy-coordinates of the cells. [#650] by Ward Fonteyn
wrap<SpatRaster> did not return the correct labels for some categorical rasters. [#652] by Jakub Nowosad
better support for non-latin characters in the legend [#658] by Krzysztof Dyba
holes in small lon/lat polygons are now properly buffered [#689] by David Hofmann

enhancements

subst can now substitute the values from multiple input layers with a single output value (layer)
subset<SpatVector> now behaves like subset<data.frame> [#648] by Andrew Gene Brown
setting category labels with a vector of names is now deprecated. A data.frame with at least two columns should be used. The first column should have the cell values (IDs).
It is now possible to “drop” a layer from a SpatRaster by setting it to NULL [#664] by Daniel Valentins
freq now provides the labels of factors, even if bylayer=FALSE. It now always returns a data.frame (it used to return a matrix in some cases. [#687] by Rodolfo Jaffé
disagg and aggregate now return a warning instead of an error when using a (dis)aggregation factor of 1.[#684] by Justin Fain.
project crashed when erroneously projecting raster data from one celestial body to another [#688] by Mike Sumner
you can now set a color table with a two column (value, ID) data.frame
categorical rasters can now be updated more easily [#667] by Alex Ilich
more control over matching values with colors when using plot. [#673] by Jakub Nowosad.
SpatVector attributes can now also be a factor, date, or POSIXct. [#697] by Grant Williamson
improved handling of missing values in extract(method="bilinear"). [#693] by swooping-magpie

new

argument as.raster to unique<SpatRaster> to create a categorical raster with the unique combinations in the layers of the input raster. The default for argument na.rm was changed to FALSE
sort<SpatRaster> to sort cell values across layers.
has.colors and has.RGB for SpatRaster
cover can now combine categorical rasters
concats to combine the levels of two SpatRaster into new categories [#663] by Alex Ilich
zonal<SpatVector,SpatVector> method to aggregate SpatVector attributes by polygons

version 1.5-34

Released 2022-06-09

bug fixes

“flipped” rasters were not always handled well. [#546] by Dan Baston
better reading of GTiff with subdatsets. [#601] by Kyle Doherty
better handling of multi-layer categorical rasters and extract. [#580] by André M. Bellvé
weighted.mean did not adjust the weights if there were NAs in the values. [#574] by Lars Dalby
bug in masking. [#552] reported by Márcia Barbosa and [565] by Jakub Nowosad.
fixed stretch option in plotRGB [#550] by Agustin Lobo
unwrap of a SpatRaster failed with a crs including a “’”. [#602] by Jean Romain.
spatSample with cells=TRUE failed for planar data [#544] by Benjamin Misiuk
compareGeom(x, y, stopOnError=FALSE) did not remove the error messages stored in x leading to unexpected warnings later on. [#568] by David Hofmann.

enhancements

Using & or | with SpatRasters now returns a boolean SpatRaster. [#594] by Dan Baston
SpatVector now supports logical values. [#593] by Derek Friend
Attempt to create SpatRaster with an invalid number of rows now gives an error. [#544] by Dan Baston
layerCor does not create temp files anymore. [#551] by Christine Anderson
not using the same iterator symbols in nested loops to avoid warnings on the Intel compiler. [#573] by Gareth Davies.

new

new arguments res and origin to project<SpatRaster> method. [#596] by Alex Ilich
new argument inside=TRUE to centroids to get a centroid-like point that is guaranteed to be on the geometry (“point on surface”). [#588] by Márcia Barbosa
new argument keepgeom=FALSE to vect<data.frame> that allows setting (keeping) the geometry as an attribute. [#586] by Márcia Barbosa
saveRDS and serialize methods for SpatRaster and SpatVector. [#549] by Andrei Mîrț
xFromCol and yFromCol now have a <SpatRaster,missing> method. [#583] by Michael Sumner.
svc<sf> method to deal with GeometryCollection types. [#585] by Sarah Endicott
as.points<SpatRaster> and as.polygons<SpatRaster> have a new argument na.all=FALSE that affects the interpretation of na.rm. [#548] by Jean-Luc Dupouey.
setGDALconfig and getGDALconfig to set GDAL configuration options. [#608] by Erik Bolch.
new argument circular to rapp to allow the start to be after the end (for if layers represent days of the year)
new method costDistance<SpatRaster>
new methods where.min and where.max for SpatRaster to get the cell numbers for the extreme values in a SpatRaster.
new method emptyGeoms<SpatVector> to get the indices of empty (null) geometries
new method rasterizeGeom to rasterize the geometry count or the area of (small) polygons or the length of lines.
new method not.na for SpatRaster which is a shortcut for !is.na(x).
as.list implemented for <SpatRasterDataset>.
sources implemented for <SpatRasterDataset>, <SpatVector> and <SpatVectorProxy> [#638] by Andrew Gene Brown

name changes

delauny -> delaunay [#627] by Derek Friend

version 1.5-21

Released 2022-02-17

writeVector and vect now work with GPGK if the path has non-ascii characters [#518]
The results of predict with cores > 1 and more than one output variable were garbled
zonal dropped category names when using an external (R) function [#527] by Jakub Nowosad
focal/focalCpp showed strange patterns when the window size was larger than the block size [#519] by Alex Ilich
using xy=TRUE in as.data.frame normalized the names [#538] by Kodi Arfer
new argument options to vrt [#629] by Monika Tomaszewska.

enhancements

makeTiles has new arguments extend and na.rm [#520] by by L. Dalby
project<SpatRaster> now uses nearest neighbor as default method for RGB rasters
new argument na.rm=TRUE to unique. [#561] by Matthieu Stigler

version 1.5-17

Released 2022-01-30

bug fixes

app<SpatRasterDataset> ignored the filename. [#498] by jszhao
vect<data.frame> failed silently if xy coordinates were integers [#496] by Márcia Barbosa
The output of aggregate<SpatRaster> was malformed when nrow(x) %% fact != 0. [#492] by Jean-François Bourdon
Integer NAs in SpatVector attributes where only recognized on Windows [#491] by Márcia Barbosa
plot<SpatVector> failed when using a character variable with many unique values. [#489] by Márcia Barbosa
rotate failed on large files. Reported by Ujjawal Singh
writing raster files with a color table could lead to a crash [#501] by Kodi Arfer
crds replicated the coordinates [#504] by Murray Efford
as.data.frame<SpatRaster> returned integers if the file stored values as integers, even if there was a scale/offset that creates decimal numbers [#509] by Kodi Arfer
project opened the input raster file in read/write mode instead of read mode. That did not work with files that cannot be updated.

enhancements

distance, gridDistance, direction and patches now process all layers of the input SpatRaster. [#503] by Chris Haak
consistent copy-on-modify behavior in ()<- methods. in-place updating available with set. methods such as set.names and set.values. [#493] by Jean Romain and [#511] by Bryan Fuentes
much faster writing of GPGK vector data by using a single transaction (following sf) [#460] by Krzysztof Dyba
aggregate<SpatRaster> now accepts functions that return more than one value per aggregated cell
writeVector has new argument insert to add a layer to an existing file (e.g. GPKG).

new

new option method="weights" for spatSample<SpatRaster>
new mask<SpatVector,SpatVector> method to select intersecting geometries
new method is.related
values<SpatRaster> has new option na.rm=TRUE. [#490] by Henk Harmsen
new class SpatVectorProxy to provide access to large vector databases that cannot or should not be read into memory in its entirety.
new argument proxy=FALSE to vect to create a SpatVectorProxy object
new method query<SpatVectorProxy> to extract parts of a SpatVectorProxy
new method vector_layers that returns, and can delete, vector format layers from a database/file such as GPKG

name changes

To avoid name clashes with tidyverse

arrow -> north
src -> sprc
simplify -> simplifyGeom

For consistency

setCats -> set.cats

version 1.5-12

Released 2022-01-13

bug fixes

setValues and init failed (or even crashed R) when using a single value on a largish raster. [#414]
conversion from sfc to SpatVector lost the crs. [#415] by Jean-Luc Dupouey
buffer on a SpatRaster with no values caused a crash [#416] by Sebastian Brinkmann
writeVector now assumes “traditional GIS order” (long/lat) if the CRS specifies lat/long. [#333]( by Agustin Lobo
argument main was ignored in density when using a single layer SpatRaster [#424] by dvictori
Summary type math functions such as min and mean, when used with multiple SpatRasters and numbers, ignored additional SpatRasters [#426] by Zhuonan Wang
names are now conserved when creating a SpatRaster from a RasterStack that points to file(s) [#430] by Dan Baston
classify with right=FALSE ignored include.lowest=TRUE [#442] by Alex Ilich
patches now combines patches that connect across the data line [#366] by Hirscht
patches(directions=8) now connects in NE/SW direction [#451] by Jean-François Bourdon.
centroids now considers cases where SpatVector parts are nearest to each other when crossing the date line instead of the zero-meridian [#366] by Hirscht
terrain created empty (NA) rows between chunks used for processing large rasters. [#453] by Robert Ritson.
inset did not draw the “box” correctly. [#457] by Márcia Barbosa
as.lines now works with a points SpatVector [#464] by Márcia Barbosa

enhancements

values(x)<- now accepts (hex coded) colors as values
focal now wraps around the dateline like raster::focal [#242] by Alexander Marbler
aggregate now does not show a progress bar in all cases [#249] by Lachlan
as.data.frame<SpatRaster> or <SpatVector> are now also implemented as S3 methods to assure correct dispatch by other S3 methods such as data.table::as.data.table. See [#284] by Patrick Schratz
crs now shows the correct authority if it is not EPSG. [#419] by Matthew Williamson
It now possible to add a SpatRaster to an empty SpatRaster (with no values), even if it has a different geometry, ignoring the empty SpatRaster [#421] by Alex Ilich.
rast<filename> has a new argument lyrs to subset the layers and open the file in one step.
rast<array> now has a crs and extent argument. [#439] by RS-eco
type="xyz" is now default in rast<data.frame>. [#438] by RS-eco
classify has a new argument brackets to show if a side of an interval is open or closed.
further support for categorical data in freq and as.data.frame. [#441] ngould7
speed up in processing of multi-layer in memory data. [#437] by Krzysztof Dyba
vect<matrix> and vect<data.frame> are now much faster. [#413] by BastienFR
extract with points provided as a matrix or cell numbers is not much faster. [#341]
focal has a new argument na.policy that can be set to one of “all” (default), “only” or “omit”. argument na.only has been removed, as you can now use na.policy="only"
inset argument border changed to perimeter to allow passing border on to plot<Spat*>. [#456] by Márcia Barbosa
The compile-time and run-time versions of GEOS are now compared and a warning is given if they are not the same. [#459] by Edzer Pebesma
it is now possible to add sub-datasets to GPKG and GTiff files. [#300] by gtitov
general option memfrac can now be set to zero (in stead of not lower than 0.1). [#476] by Matt Strimas-Mackey
new argument allowGaps in patches to disallow gaps between patch IDs. See [#478] by Dunbar Carpenter.

new

timestamps and units are now saved to an auxiliary file (filename.aux.json) for all raster formats except NetCDF when using writeCDF (because in that case they are stored in the netcdf file)
new method mergeTime to combine multiple rasters, perhaps partly overlapping in time, into a single time series
new method fillTime that can add empty layers in between existing layers to assure that the time step between layers is constant
new method approximate to fill in missing values by cell across layers
new methods is.bool and as.bool for SpatRaster and explicit recognition of Boolean raster data in various places (e.g., extract, plot)
new methods is.int and as.int for SpatRaster.
when assigning integer values to a SpatRaster, or when reading an integer file, the corresponding layers are now classified as being of integer type [#446] by L. Dalby
new method layerCor (like raster::layerStats). [#420] by Alex Ilich
new method focalCor (like raster::corLocal). [#427] by Zhuonan Wang
new method all.equal for SpatRaster. See [#428] by Dongdong Kong
new method math for SpatRaster that implements the Math-generic methods and accepts a filename
new method sds<array>
new method rasterize<matrix>, see [#413] by BastienFR
new method colorize to transform color representations
new method arrow to draw a (North) arrow on a map. [#461] by Márcia Barbosa
new method densify to insert nodes between existing nodes of a line or polygon SpatVector
new method direction for SpatRaster. [#462] by Márcia Barbosa
new method focal3D to compute focal values for a three-dimensional (row, column, layer) window
new function makeVRT to create a vrt file for a file that needs a header to be read.
new option method="stratified" for spatSample<SpatRaster>. [#470] by Michael Mahoney
new general option memmax to cap the amount of RAM that terra can be used in raster processing [#476] by Matt Strimas-Mackey
new method gridDistance to compute distances traversing a raster, perhaps with obstacles. [#477] by Márcia Barbosa

version 1.4-22

Released 2021-11-24

changes

focal now has ellipses (...) to allow for providing additional arguments to fun. For this reason it does not have a na.rm argument anymore as that can be supplied via the ellipses. In practice this means that the default will be na.rm=FALSE for the standard functions such as mean and sum.

bug fixes

app grossly overestimated RAM needed, slowing it down. Reported by Jerry Nelson
terra now installs, again, with older versions of GEOS [#406] by fparyani
terra did not install with Clang on CRAN/OSX due to using C++13 idiom.

enhancements

lapp and tapp now have a cores argument (as do app and predict). Suggested by Dongdong Kong [#365]
focal now also works with a function that returns multiple values. See [#318] by Alex Ilich.
focal can now process multiple layers in one step.
expanded support for conversion from stars objects [#220] by Jakub Nowosad

new

focalCpp takes a C++ function that iterates over cells to speed up computation by avoiding apply (see [#318] by Alex Ilich).
focalReg for focal OLS regression models between layers

version 1.4-20

Released 2021-11-16

bug fixes

terra did not install with versions of GDAL below 3 [#402] by Alex Ilich.
distance between two SpatVectors or matrices with pairwise=FALSE returned a matrix that was filled by column instead of by row [#403] by Paul Smith

version 1.4-19

Released 2021-11-15

bug fixes

rast with some NetCDF files failed because of bad parsing of dates. [#361] by Juan Carlos Zamora-Pereira
distance<SpatRaster> with lon/lat data was not correct. [#368] by Greg Schmidt
as.polygons<SpatRaster> failed with a SpatRaster and a categorical layer that is not the first layer. [#370] by Patrick Schratz
The filename argument in rasterize was not ignored, also causing errors when writing to temporary files. [#377] by Robbie Price
rast<character> crashed if the sds was an empty character string. [#381] by Dan Baston
plot<SpatVector> now responds to the range argument [#385] by Márcia Barbosa
zonal failed for user-defined functions. [#393] by mqueinnec

new

new method selectHighest to select n cell values with the highest or lowest values.
new method vect<list> to append SpatVectors (faster than do.call(rbind, x))
new argument align=FALSE to project to align to the template SpatRaster but ignore the resolution
new method gdalCache to set the GDAL cache size, contributed by Dan Baston [#387]
new method fileBlocksize
new argument options to writeVector to pass layer creation options to GDAL
new SpatVector topology methods mergeLines, snap, makeNodes, removeDupNodes, gaps, simplify
new SpatVector characterization methods width and clearance

enhancements

terra now installs with older versions of GEOS [#363]
terra now installs on CentOS 7 with GDAL 2.1.4 and a C++ compiler that does not support std::regexp. [#384] by Ariel Paulson

version 1.4-11

Released 2021-10-11

enhancements

the definition of setValues now has two arguments (x and values), just like raster had; to avoid reverse dependency problems with raster

version 1.4-9

Released 2021-10-07

name changes

To avoid name conflicts with sp (via raster) disaggregate is now called disagg and bbox,SpatRaster and bbox<SpatVector> have been removed (but could be resurrected in raster or under another name).

enhancements

project and resample now choose the resampling method based on the first layer, using “near” for categorical data. Thanks to Matthew Lewis [#355]

bug fixes

hist failed with small samples. Issue [#356] by Martin Queinnec

version 1.4-7

Released 2021-10-05

note

terra no longer depends on raster. To avoid name clashes between these two packages, and to allow replacing methods from rgeos and rgdal in raster, raster now depends on terra instead.

enhancements

freq has a new argument usenames. See issue [#309] by Bappa Das
rast<character> has a new argument opts that can be used to pass GDAL open options. See issue [#314]
rast<SpatRaster> now takes arguments names and vals. See issue [#323] by Dongdong Kong
crs<- now warns if an unsupported datum is used. See issue [#317]
spatSample now returns factor values if a SpatRaster layer is.factor except when using as.df=FALSE
new method origin<- to set the origin of a SpatRaster. See issue [#326] by Jakub Nowosad
crs has a new argument parse. See [#344]
plot<SpatRaster,missing> has a new argument reset=FALSE that allows resetting the par()$mar parameters after plotting. See issue [#340] by Derek Friend
crds has a new argument na.rm. See [#338] by Kodi Arfer
show(Spat*) now prints the name and EPSG code of a crs if available. See [#317] by Jakub Nowosad

bug fixes

plotRGB failed if there were NAs. Issue [#308] by Jakub Nowosad
writeVector crashed R when used with a SpatVector with no geometries. Reported by Timothy White in issue [#319]
summary<SpatRaster> now returns counts for the classes (instead of a numerical summary of the indices) [#324] by Jakub Nowosad
tapp with a character index now returns a SpatRaster with the correct names [#345] by Stuart Brown
rasterize with a character variable now adds the ID column to the categories [#337] by Tate Brasel
cellSize now masks values in all cases (when requested with mask=TRUE). Issue [#339] by Jean-Luc Dupouey
buffer<SpatVector> no longer treats lines like polygons [#332] by Márcia Barbosa
plot now passes the layer index to fun [#310] by Ben Tupper
the to_id in nearest was sometimes wrong. See [#328] by Shawn Ligocki
better support for ESRI value attribute tables (VAT). See this SO 69385928
focal did not reset initial values for NA cells when processing chunks. [#312] by Jeffrey Evans
focal could run out of memory when using a large window and user-defined function, and was inexact at the chunk boundary [#347]
zonal with as.raster=TRUE failed for categorical SpatRasters [#348] by Jakub Nowosad

version 1.3-22

Released 2021-08-20

enhancements

if time(x) <- d is set with a Date class object, time(x) now returns a Date object instead of a POSIXct object. Issue [#256] by Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini
The UTF-8 encoding of character attributes of a SpatVector is now declared such that they display correctly in R. See issue [#258] by AGeographer. Also implemented for names in both SpatVector and SpatRaster
rast<data.frame> method to avoid confusion with the matrix and list methods in response to a SO 68133958 by Stackbeans
the extreme values used to represent NA where not as intended (one or two lower) for INT2U and INT4U. Reported by Jean-Luc Dupouey on SO 68216362
writeCDF now also writes the time dimensions if there is only one time-step. See this SO 68227180
vect<character> (filename) now has argument layer to select a layer from a multi-layer file / database, and arguments query, extent and filter for reading a subset
subst can now create multiple output layers See [issue 276] by Agustin Lobo
classify can now create different multiple output layers See [issue 276] by Agustin Lobo
Argument alpha of plot<SpatRaster> can now be a SpatRaster. See this SO 68736432 by James McCarthy

bug fixes

The filename and overwrite arguments were ignored in rasterize
gdal options are now also honored for create-copy drivers [#260]
buffer for lonlat now works better at the world’s “edges” [#261]
scale/offset were ignored by project. Reported by Fabian Fischer
rasterize<SpatRaster,SpatVector> with inverse=TRUE crashed the R session. Issue [#264] by Jean-Luc Dupouey
The output of merge and mosaic was not correct for large rasters (only the first rows were used). Reported by Zavud Baghirov in [#271]
as.points,SpatRaster did not remove NA’s correctly and shifted values. Issues [#269] and [#273] by Julian Hagenauer
rast<matrix> rotated values when using an equal-sided matrix [#274] by Jakub Nowosad
the number of rows and columns were reversed when using project with a crs argument. [#283] by Timothée Giraud
In classify, argument right had TRUE and FALSE reversed.
terrain had edge effects [#303] by Andrew Gene Brown.
terrain can now compute multiple variables at once [#286] by Žan Kuralt
wrap<SpatRaster> changed factors into numeric [#302] by Patrick Schratz
writeVector failed with “FlatGeobuf” (and probably other formats as well) for not using a proper MultiPolygon [#299] by L Dalby
regular sampling of polygons with spatSample is now much more regular [#289] by Jakub Nowosad

version 1.3-4

Released 2021-06-20

new

na.omit<SpatVector> to remove empty geometries and/or attribute records that have an NA
new method src to create a SpatRasterCollection (a loose collection of tiles).
merge and mosaic now have methods for a SpatRasterCollection. To avoid the (inefficient) use of do.call. #210 by Matthew Talluto.
activeCat and activeCat<- to get or set the “active” category if there are multiple categories (raster attributes)
as.numeric and catalyze to transfer categories to numeric cell values
summarize methods such as range and mean for (the attributes of) a SpatVector
new method shade, to compute hill shading

enhancements

additional arguments (such as na.rm) are now used by rasterize with point geometries. #209 by Jakub Nowosad
improved handling (and documentation) of gstat models by interpolate. #208 by Jakub Nowosad
new argument cpkgs to predict to list the packages that need to be exported to the cores if argument cores is larger than one. ?predict now shows different approaches to parallelize predict (based on examples in issue. #178 by by Matthew Coghill.
freq now returns labels for categorical layers
adjacent now has a pairs argument. #239 by Kenneth Blake Vernon
adjacent now also takes a matrix to specify adjacent cells
mean and other summarize methods now take a filename argument and disallow non-recognized named arguments. #238 by Jessica Nephin
The raster attribute table of ESRI-GRID integer data, or from an ESRI vat.dbf file is now ignored if it only has the counts of the values. #234 by Jullee
time attributes are no longer lost when doing raster operations. #246 by Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini
resample (and project) no longer ignore gdal="" write options and use BIGTIFF if necessary (suggested by Ani Ghosh)
new argument layer in the extract-SpatRaster,SpatVector method to extract values for a single layers specified for each geometry (see this question).

bug fixes

better handling of paths with non-ASCII characters (e.g., Chinese) for GeoTiff but still fails for NetCDF. [#233] by Dongdong Kong
extract with points and cells=TRUE or xy=TRUE gave garbled output
as.character<SpatRaster> (called by wrap) did not capture the layer names. [#213] by Pascal Title
focal mirrored the weight matrix, thus affecting the results when using an asymmetrical weight matrix. Reported by Sebastiano Trevisani
terra::terraOptions now works without attaching the package. [#229] by Karl Dunkle Werner
app with ncores > 0 and a function that returns multiple layers now works. [#240] by BastienFR.
autocor (local) can now handle NA values. [#245] by Jakub Nowosad .
mask with a SpatVector and a large (out of memory) multi-layer SpatRaster only worked for the first layer. Reported by Monika Tomaszewska.

version 1.2-10

Released 2021-05-13

new

as.lines method for SpatRaster
as.polygons method for SpatVector lines
autocor<numeric> has new methods mean, to compute the local mean, and locmor, for the local Moran’s I
sharedPaths method for SpatVector (lines and polygons)
RGB2col method to reduce a three-layer RGB SpatRaster to a single layer SpatRaster with a color-table (with <= 256 colors)
split methods for SpatVector and SpatRaster

enhancements

rast<Raster*> now takes the crs from the Raster object, not from the file it may point to. [#200] by Floris Vanderhaeghe
convhull has a new argument by="" to make convex hulls for sub-sets of a SpatVector.
faster processing of large in memory rasters. See issue [#206] by Krzysztof Dyba.

bug fixes

extract with multiple layers could return a data.frame where the values were not in the correct order (by row instead of by column)
crop works again with sf objects. [#201] by Sebastian Brinkmann
vect<sf> now also works for lines, and should be faster
vect<character> crashed R if a file had empty geometries. [#202] by consumere
extract(points, bilinear=TRUE, cells=TRUE) now works. [#203] by fab4app
zonal now works for min and max. [#207] Reported by Jakub Nowosad

name changes

To avoid name conflicts with the spatstat package

area,SpatRaster-method(x, sum=FALSE) -> cellSize(x)
area,SpatRaster/SpatVector-method(x, sum=TRUE) -> expanse(x)
convexhull -> convHull
perimeter -> perim
tiles -> makeTiles
coords -> crds

version 1.2-5

Released 2021-04-30

new

trim has a new argument value that allows trimming rows and columns with other values than the default NA
rapp has a new argument clamp that allows clamping start and end values to 1:nlyr(x), avoiding that all values are considered NA
spatSample<SpatRaster> has new arguments as.points and values. Getting values, cells and coordinates is no longer mutually exclusive. In response to [#191] by Agustin Lobo
area<SpatRaster> has a new argument mask=FALSE
classify can now take a single number to request that many cuts
mosaic and merge now warn and resample if rasters are not aligned
extract has a new argument exact to get the fraction covered for each cell

bug fixes

flip(x, direction="vertical") no longer reverses the order of the layers
extract did not work for horizontal or vertical lines as their extent was considered invalid. Reported by Monika Tomaszewska
autocor did not handle NA values [#192] by Laurence Hawker
nearest now works for angular coordinates
The unit of slope in terrain was not correct (the tangent was returned instead of the slope), [#196] by Sven Alder
quantile now works for rasters that have cells that are all NA. Reported by Jerry Nelson

name changes

To avoid name conflicts with tidyverse

with deprecation warning:

separate -> segregate
expand -> extend
near -> nearby
pack -> wrap

without deprecation warning:

transpose -> trans
collapse -> tighten
fill -> fillHoles
select -> sel

version 1.1-17

Released 2021-04-14

major changes

c<SpatVector> now returns a list. rbind is used to append SpatVector objects
overhaul of handling of factors. rats has been removed, and levels and cats have changed

version 1.1-4

No news recorded for this and earlier versions