rfc9924v1.txt		rfc9924.txt
	skipping to change at line 170 ¶		skipping to change at line 170 ¶
	The APV codec supports the following features:		The APV codec supports the following features:
	* Perceptually lossless video quality that is close to the original,		* Perceptually lossless video quality that is close to the original,
	uncompressed quality;		uncompressed quality;
	* Low complexity and high throughput intra frame only coding without		* Low complexity and high throughput intra frame only coding without
	inter frame coding;		inter frame coding;
	* Intra frame coding without prediction between pixel values but		* Intra frame coding without prediction between pixel values but
	between transformed values for low delay encoding;		with prediction between transformed values for low delay encoding;
	* High bit rates of up to a few Gbps for 2K, 4K, and 8K resolution		* High bit rates of up to a few Gbps for 2K, 4K, and 8K resolution
	content, enabled by a lightweight entropy coding scheme;		content, enabled by a lightweight entropy coding scheme;
	* Frame tiling for immersive content and for enabling parallel		* Frame tiling for immersive content and for enabling parallel
	encoding and decoding;		encoding and decoding;
	* Various chroma sampling formats from 4:0:0 to 4:4:4:4, and bit		* Various chroma sampling formats from 4:0:0 to 4:4:4:4, and bit
	depths from 10 to 16 (Note: Only the profiles supporting 10 bits		depths from 10 to 16 (Note: Only the profiles supporting 10 bits
	and 12 bits are currently defined);		and 12 bits are currently defined);
	* Multiple decoding and re-encoding without severe visual quality		* The ability to decode and re-encode multiple times without severe
	degradation; and		visual quality degradation; and
	* Various metadata including HDR10/10+ and user-defined formats.		* Various metadata including HDR10/10+ and user-defined formats.
	2. Terms		2. Terms
	2.1. Terms and Definitions		2.1. Terms and Definitions
	access unit (AU): a collection of primitive bitstream units (PBU)		access unit (AU): a collection of primitive bitstream units (PBU)
	including various types of frames, metadata, filler, and access		including various types of frames, metadata, filler, and access
	unit information, associated with a specific time		unit information, associated with a specific time
	skipping to change at line 319 ¶		skipping to change at line 319 ¶
	frame in which the MBs are ordered consecutively in MB raster scan		frame in which the MBs are ordered consecutively in MB raster scan
	in a tile and the tiles in a frame are ordered consecutively in a		in a tile and the tiles in a frame are ordered consecutively in a
	raster scan of the tiles of the frame		raster scan of the tiles of the frame
	transform coefficient: a scalar quantity, considered to be in a		transform coefficient: a scalar quantity, considered to be in a
	frequency domain, that is associated with a particular one-		frequency domain, that is associated with a particular one-
	dimensional or two-dimensional index		dimensional or two-dimensional index
	2.2. Abbreviated Terms		2.2. Abbreviated Terms
	I: intra
	LSB: least significant bit		LSB: least significant bit
	MSB: most significant bit		MSB: most significant bit
	RGB: Red, Green and Blue		RGB: Red, Green and Blue
	3. Conventions Used in This Document		3. Conventions Used in This Document
	3.1. General		3.1. General
	The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",		The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
	"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and		"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
	"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in		"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
	BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all		BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
	capitals, as shown here.		capitals, as shown here.
	3.2. Operators		3.2. Operators
	The operators and the order of precedence are the same as used in the		The operators and the order of precedence are the same as used in the
	C programming language [ISO9899], with the exception of the operators		C programming language [ISO9899]. However, there are some exceptions
	described in the Section 3.2.1 and Section 3.2.2 following widely		for the operators described in the Section 3.2.1 and Section 3.2.2,
	used industry practices for video codecs.		which follows widely used industry practices for video codecs.
	3.2.1. Arithmetic Operators		3.2.1. Arithmetic Operators
	//		//
	an integer division with rounding of the result toward zero. For		an integer division with rounding of the result toward zero. For
	example, 7//4 and -7//-4 are rounded to 1 and -7//4 and 7//-4 are		example, 7//4 and -7//-4 are rounded to 1 and -7//4 and 7//-4 are
	rounded to -1		rounded to -1
	/ or div(x,y)		/ or div(x,y)
	a division in mathematical equations where no truncation or		a division in mathematical equations where no truncation or
	skipping to change at line 490 ¶		skipping to change at line 488 ¶
	within the section in which they are derived.		within the section in which they are derived.
	Functions that specify properties of the current position in the		Functions that specify properties of the current position in the
	bitstream are referred to as syntax functions. These functions are		bitstream are referred to as syntax functions. These functions are
	specified in Section 5.2 and assume the existence of a bitstream		specified in Section 5.2 and assume the existence of a bitstream
	pointer with an indication of the position of the next bit to be read		pointer with an indication of the position of the next bit to be read
	by the decoding process from the bitstream.		by the decoding process from the bitstream.
	A one-dimensional array is referred to as a list. A two-dimensional		A one-dimensional array is referred to as a list. A two-dimensional
	array is referred to as a matrix. Arrays can either be syntax		array is referred to as a matrix. Arrays can either be syntax
	elements or variables. Square parentheses are used for the indexing		elements or variables. Square brackets are used for the indexing of
	of arrays. In reference to a visual depiction of a matrix, the first		arrays. In reference to a visual depiction of a matrix, the first
	square bracket is used as a column (horizontal) index and the second		square bracket is used as a column (horizontal) index and the second
	square bracket is used as a row (vertical) index.		square bracket is used as a row (vertical) index.
	A specification of values of the entries in rows and columns of an		A specification of values of the entries in rows and columns of an
	array may be denoted by {{...}{...}}, where each inner pair of		array may be denoted by {{...}{...}}, where each inner pair of
	brackets specifies the values of the elements within a row in		brackets specifies the values of the elements within a row in
	increasing column order and the rows are ordered in increasing row		increasing column order and the rows are ordered in increasing row
	order. Thus, setting a matrix s equal to {{1 6}{4 9}} specifies that		order. Thus, setting a matrix s equal to {{1 6}{4 9}} specifies that
	s[0][0] is set equal to 1, s[1][0] is set equal to 6, s[0][1] is set		s[0][0] is set equal to 1, s[1][0] is set equal to 6, s[0][1] is set
	equal to 4, and s[1][1] is set equal to 9.		equal to 4, and s[1][1] is set equal to 9.
	skipping to change at line 573 ¶		skipping to change at line 571 ¶
	* Arrays representing other unspecified tri-stimulus color samplings		* Arrays representing other unspecified tri-stimulus color samplings
	(for example, YZX, also known as XYZ as specified in [CIE15]).		(for example, YZX, also known as XYZ as specified in [CIE15]).
	* Arrays representing other unspecified four color samplings		* Arrays representing other unspecified four color samplings
	For the convenience of notation and terminology in this document, the		For the convenience of notation and terminology in this document, the
	variables and terms associated with these arrays can be referred to		variables and terms associated with these arrays can be referred to
	as luma and chroma regardless of the actual color representation		as luma and chroma regardless of the actual color representation
	method in use.		method in use.
	The variables SubWidthC, SubHeightC, and NumComps are specified in		The values of the variables SubWidthC, SubHeightC, and NumComps
	Table 2, depending on the chroma format sampling structure, which is		depend on the chroma format sampling structure as specified in
	specified through chroma_format_idc. Other values of		Table 2. The chroma format sampling structure is signaled through
	chroma_format_idc, SubWidthC, SubHeightC, and NumComps may be		chroma_format_idc. Other values of chroma_format_idc, SubWidthC,
	specified in future versions of this document.		SubHeightC, and NumComps may be specified in future versions of this
			document.
	+===================+==========+===========+============+==========+		+===================+==========+===========+============+==========+
	| chroma_format_idc | Chroma | SubWidthC | SubHeightC | NumComps |		| chroma_format_idc | Chroma | SubWidthC | SubHeightC | NumComps |
	| | format | | | |		| | format | | | |
	+===================+==========+===========+============+==========+		+===================+==========+===========+============+==========+
	| 0 | 4:0:0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |		| 0 | 4:0:0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
	+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------+----------+		+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------+----------+
	| 1 | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |		| 1 | reserved | reserved | reserved | reserved |
	+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------+----------+		+-------------------+----------+-----------+------------+----------+
	| 2 | 4:2:2 | 2 | 1 | 3 |		| 2 | 4:2:2 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
	skipping to change at line 809 ¶		skipping to change at line 808 ¶
	* a variable blkHeight specifying the height of a block.		* a variable blkHeight specifying the height of a block.
	Output of this process is the array inverseScan[rPos].		Output of this process is the array inverseScan[rPos].
	The array index rPos specifies the raster scan position ranging from		The array index rPos specifies the raster scan position ranging from
	0 to (blkWidth * blkHeight)-1. Depending on the value of blkWidth		0 to (blkWidth * blkHeight)-1. Depending on the value of blkWidth
	and blkHeight, the array inverseScan is derived as follows:		and blkHeight, the array inverseScan is derived as follows:
	* The variable forwardScan is derived by invoking the zig-zag scan		* The variable forwardScan is derived by invoking the zig-zag scan
	order one-dimensional array initialization process as specified in		order initialization process as specified in Section 4.4.1 with
	Section 4.4.1 with input parameters blkWidth and blkHeight.		input parameters blkWidth and blkHeight.
	* The output variable inverseScan is derived as follows:		* The output variable inverseScan is derived as follows:
	for(pos = 0; pos < blkWidth * blkHeight; pos++){		for(pos = 0; pos < blkWidth * blkHeight; pos++){
	inverseScan[forwardScan[pos]] = pos		inverseScan[forwardScan[pos]] = pos
	}		}
	Figure 6: Pseudo-code for inverse zig-zag scan		Figure 6: Pseudo-code for inverse zig-zag scan
	5. Syntax and Semantics		5. Syntax and Semantics
	5.1. Method of Specifying Syntax		5.1. Method of Specifying Syntax
	The syntax tables specify a superset of the syntax of all allowed		The syntax tables specify a superset of the syntax of all allowed
	bitstreams. Note that a decoder MUST implement some means for		bitstreams. Note that a decoder MUST implement some means for
	identifying entry points into the bitstream and some means to		identifying entry points into the bitstream and some means to
	identify and handle non-conforming bitstreams. The methods for		identify and handle non-conforming bitstreams. The methods for
	identifying and handling errors and other such situations are not		identifying and handling errors and other such situations are not
	specified in this document.		specified in this document.
	The APV bitstream is described in this document using syntax code		The APV bitstream is described using syntax code based on the C
	based on the C programming language [ISO9899] and uses its if/else,		programming language [ISO9899] -- including use of if/else, while,
	while, and for keywords as well as functions defined within this		and for -- as well as functions defined within this document.
	document.
	The syntax table in syntax code is presented in a two-column format		The syntax table in syntax code is presented in a two-column format
	such as shown in Figure 7. In this form, the type column provides a		such as shown in Figure 7. In this form, the type column provides a
	type referenced in that same line of syntax code by using the syntax		type referenced in that same line of syntax code by using the syntax
	elements processing functions defined in Section 5.2.5.		elements processing functions defined in Section 5.2.5.
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	ExampleSyntaxCode(){ |		ExampleSyntaxCode(){ |
	operations |		operations |
	skipping to change at line 1022 ¶		skipping to change at line 1020 ¶
	indicates the identifier to associate a coded frame with metadata.		indicates the identifier to associate a coded frame with metadata.
	More than two frames can have the same group_id in a single AU. A		More than two frames can have the same group_id in a single AU. A
	primary frame and a non-primary frame MUST have different group_id		primary frame and a non-primary frame MUST have different group_id
	values, and two non-primary frames MUST have different group_id		values, and two non-primary frames MUST have different group_id
	values. When the value of group_id is equal to 0, the value of		values. When the value of group_id is equal to 0, the value of
	pbu_type MUST be greater than 64. The value of 0xFFFF for		pbu_type MUST be greater than 64. The value of 0xFFFF for
	group_id is reserved for future use.		group_id is reserved for future use.
	reserved_zero_8bits		reserved_zero_8bits
	MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles		MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles
	specified in Section 9 of this version of the document. Values of		specified in Section 9. Values of reserved_zero_8bits greater
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0 are reserved for future use.		than 0 are reserved for future use. Decoders conforming to the
	Decoders conforming to the profiles specified in Section 9 of this		profiles specified in Section 9 MUST ignore PBU with values of
	version of the document MUST ignore PBU with values of
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.		reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.
	5.3.4. Frame		5.3.4. Frame
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	frame(){ |		frame(){ |
	frame_header() |		frame_header() |
	for(i = 0; i < NumTiles; i++){ |		for(i = 0; i < NumTiles; i++){ |
	tile_size[i] | u(32)		tile_size[i] | u(32)
	skipping to change at line 1077 ¶		skipping to change at line 1074 ¶
	} |		} |
	tile_info() |		tile_info() |
	reserved_zero_8bits | u(8)		reserved_zero_8bits | u(8)
	byte_alignment() |		byte_alignment() |
	} |		} |
	Figure 12: frame_header() syntax code		Figure 12: frame_header() syntax code
	reserved_zero_8bits		reserved_zero_8bits
	MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles		MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles
	specified in Section 9 of this version of the document. Values of		specified in Section 9. Values of reserved_zero_8bits greater
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0 are reserved for future use.		than 0 are reserved for future use. Decoders conforming to the
	Decoders conforming to the profiles specified in Section 9 of this		profiles specified in Section 9 MUST ignore PBU with values of
	version of the document MUST ignore PBU with values of
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.		reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.
	color_description_present_flag equal to 1		color_description_present_flag equal to 1
	specifies that color_primaries, transfer_characteristics, and		specifies that color_primaries, transfer_characteristics, and
	matrix_coefficients are present. color_description_present_flag		matrix_coefficients are present. color_description_present_flag
	equal to 0 specifies that color_primaries,		equal to 0 specifies that color_primaries,
	transfer_characteristics, and matrix_coefficients are not present.		transfer_characteristics, and matrix_coefficients are not present.
	color_primaries		color_primaries
	MUST have the semantics of ColourPrimaries as specified in [H273].		MUST have the semantics of ColourPrimaries as specified in [H273].
	skipping to change at line 1118 ¶		skipping to change at line 1114 ¶
	[H273]. When the full_range_flag syntax element is not present,		[H273]. When the full_range_flag syntax element is not present,
	the value of full_range_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.		the value of full_range_flag is inferred to be equal to 0.
	use_q_matrix		use_q_matrix
	with a value of 1 specifies that the quantization matrices are		with a value of 1 specifies that the quantization matrices are
	present. A value of 0 specifies that the quantization matrices		present. A value of 0 specifies that the quantization matrices
	are not present.		are not present.
	reserved_zero_8bits		reserved_zero_8bits
	MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles		MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles
	specified in Section 9 of this version of the document. Values of		specified in Section 9. Values of reserved_zero_8bits greater
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0 are reserved for future use.		than 0 are reserved for future use. Decoders conforming to the
	Decoders conforming to the profiles specified in Section 9 of this		profiles specified in Section 9 MUST ignore PBU with values of
	version of the document MUST ignore PBU with values of
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.		reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.
	5.3.6. Frame Information		5.3.6. Frame Information
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	frame_info(){ |		frame_info(){ |
	profile_idc | u(8)		profile_idc | u(8)
	level_idc | u(8)		level_idc | u(8)
	band_idc | u(3)		band_idc | u(3)
	skipping to change at line 1164 ¶		skipping to change at line 1159 ¶
	band_idc		band_idc
	specifies a maximum coded data rate of level_idc as specified in		specifies a maximum coded data rate of level_idc as specified in
	Section 9. Bitstreams SHALL NOT contain values of band_idc other		Section 9. Bitstreams SHALL NOT contain values of band_idc other
	than those specified in Section 9. The value of band_idc MUST be		than those specified in Section 9. The value of band_idc MUST be
	in the range of 0 to 3. Other values of band_idc are reserved for		in the range of 0 to 3. Other values of band_idc are reserved for
	future use.		future use.
	reserved_zero_5bits		reserved_zero_5bits
	MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles		MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles
	specified in Section 9 of this version of the document. Values of		specified in Section 9. Values of reserved_zero_8bits greater
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0 are reserved for future use.		than 0 are reserved for future use. Decoders conforming to the
	Decoders conforming to the profiles specified in Section 9 of this		profiles specified in Section 9 MUST ignore PBU with values of
	version of the document MUST ignore PBU with values of
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.		reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.
	frame_width		frame_width
	specifies the width of the frame in units of luma samples.		specifies the width of the frame in units of luma samples.
	frame_width MUST be a multiple of 2 when chroma_format_idc has a		frame_width MUST be a multiple of 2 when chroma_format_idc has a
	value of 2. The value 0 is reserved for future use.		value of 2. The value 0 is reserved for future use.
	frame_height		frame_height
	specifies the height of the frame in units of luma samples. The		specifies the height of the frame in units of luma samples. The
	value 0 is reserved for future use.		value 0 is reserved for future use.
	skipping to change at line 1224 ¶		skipping to change at line 1218 ¶
	values are reserved for future use.		values are reserved for future use.
	capture_time_distance		capture_time_distance
	indicates the time difference between the capture time of the		indicates the time difference between the capture time of the
	frames in the previous access unit and frames in the current		frames in the previous access unit and frames in the current
	access unit in milliseconds if there has been any access unit		access unit in milliseconds if there has been any access unit
	preceding the access unit this frame belongs to.		preceding the access unit this frame belongs to.
	reserved_zero_8bits		reserved_zero_8bits
	MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles		MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles
	specified in Section 9 of this version of the document. Values of		specified in Section 9. Values of reserved_zero_8bits greater
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0 are reserved for future use.		than 0 are reserved for future use. Decoders conforming to the
	Decoders conforming to the profiles specified in Section 9 of this		profiles specified in Section 9 MUST ignore PBU with values of
	version of the document MUST ignore PBU with values of
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.		reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.
	5.3.7. Quantization Matrix		5.3.7. Quantization Matrix
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	quantization_matrix(){ |		quantization_matrix(){ |
	for(i = 0; i < NumComps; i++){ |		for(i = 0; i < NumComps; i++){ |
	for(y = 0; y < 8; y++){ |		for(y = 0; y < 8; y++){ |
	for(x = 0; x < 8; x++){ |		for(x = 0; x < 8; x++){ |
	skipping to change at line 1250 ¶		skipping to change at line 1243 ¶
	} |		} |
	} |		} |
	} |		} |
	Figure 14: quantization_matrix() syntax code		Figure 14: quantization_matrix() syntax code
	q_matrix[i][x][y]		q_matrix[i][x][y]
	specifies a scaling value in the quantization matrices. When		specifies a scaling value in the quantization matrices. When
	q_matrix[i][x][y] is not present, it is inferred to be equal to		q_matrix[i][x][y] is not present, it is inferred to be equal to
	16. The array index i specifies an indicator for the color		16. The array index i specifies an indicator for the color
	component; when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, 0 for Y, 1		component; when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, the value of
	for Cb, and 2 for Cr. The value of 0 for q_matrix[i][x][y] is		the index i is equal to 0 for Y component, 1 for Cb, and 2 for Cr.
	reserved for future use.		The value of 0 for q_matrix[i][x][y] is reserved for future use.
	The quantization matrix, QMatrix[i][x][y], is derived as follows:		The quantization matrix, QMatrix[i][x][y], is derived as follows:
	* QMatrix[i][x][y] = q_matrix[i][x][y]		* QMatrix[i][x][y] = q_matrix[i][x][y]
	5.3.8. Tile Info		5.3.8. Tile Info
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	tile_info(){ |		tile_info(){ |
	skipping to change at line 1334 ¶		skipping to change at line 1327 ¶
	Figure 16: au_info() syntax code		Figure 16: au_info() syntax code
	num_frames		num_frames
	indicates the number of frames contained in the current AU.		indicates the number of frames contained in the current AU.
	pbu_type		pbu_type
	has the same semantics as pbu_type in the pbu_header() syntax.		has the same semantics as pbu_type in the pbu_header() syntax.
	Note: The value of pbu_type MUST be 1, 2, 25, 26, or 27 in		Note: The value of pbu_type MUST be 1, 2, 25, 26, or 27 in
	bitstreams conforming to this version of the document.		bitstreams conforming to this document.
	group_id		group_id
	has the same semantics as group_id in the pbu_header() syntax.		has the same semantics as group_id in the pbu_header() syntax.
	reserved_zero_8bits		reserved_zero_8bits
	MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles		MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles
	specified in Section 9 of this version of the document. Values of		specified in Section 9. Values of reserved_zero_8bits greater
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0 are reserved for future use.		than 0 are reserved for future use. Decoders conforming to the
	Decoders conforming to the profiles specified in Section 9 of this		profiles specified in Section 9 MUST ignore PBU with values of
	version of the document MUST ignore PBU with values of
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.		reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.
	5.3.10. Metadata		5.3.10. Metadata
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	metadata(){ |		metadata(){ |
	metadata_size | u(32)		metadata_size | u(32)
	currReadSize = 0 |		currReadSize = 0 |
	do{ |		do{ |
	skipping to change at line 1460 ¶		skipping to change at line 1452 ¶
	tile_header_size		tile_header_size
	indicates the size of the tile header in bytes.		indicates the size of the tile header in bytes.
	tile_index		tile_index
	specifies the tile index in raster order in a frame. tile_index		specifies the tile index in raster order in a frame. tile_index
	MUST have the same value as tileIdx.		MUST have the same value as tileIdx.
	tile_data_size[i]		tile_data_size[i]
	indicates the size of the i-th color component data in a tile in		indicates the size of the i-th color component data in a tile in
	bytes. The array index i specifies an indicator for the color		bytes. The array index i specifies an indicator for the color
	component; when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, 0 for Y, 1		component; when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, the value of
	for Cb, and 2 for Cr. The value of 0 for tile_data_size[i] is		the index i is equal to 0 for Y component, 1 for Cb, and 2 for Cr.
	reserved for future use.		The value of 0 for tile_data_size[i] is reserved for future use.
	tile_qp[i]		tile_qp[i]
	specifies the quantization parameter value for i-th color		specifies the quantization parameter value for i-th color
	component. The array index i specifies an indicator for the color		component. The array index i specifies an indicator for the color
	component; when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, 0 for Y, 1		component; when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, the value of
	for Cb, and 2 for Cr. The Qp[i] to be used for the MBs in the		the index i is equal to 0 for Y component, 1 for Cb, and 2 for Cr.
	tile are derived as follows:		The Qp[i] to be used for the MBs in the tile are derived as
			follows:
	* Qp[i] = tile_qp[i] - QpBdOffset		* Qp[i] = tile_qp[i] - QpBdOffset
	* Qp[i] MUST be in the range of -QpBdOffset to 51, inclusive.		* Qp[i] MUST be in the range of -QpBdOffset to 51, inclusive.
	reserved_zero_8bits		reserved_zero_8bits
	MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles		MUST be equal to 0 in bitstreams conforming to the profiles
	specified in Section 9 of this version of the document. Values of		specified in Section 9. Values of reserved_zero_8bits greater
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0 are reserved for future use.		than 0 are reserved for future use. Decoders conforming to the
	Decoders conforming to the profiles specified in Section 9 of this		profiles specified in Section 9 MUST ignore PBU with values of
	version of the document MUST ignore PBU with values of
	reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.		reserved_zero_8bits greater than 0.
	5.3.14. Tile Data		5.3.14. Tile Data
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	tile_data(tileIdx, cIdx){ |		tile_data(tileIdx, cIdx){ |
	x0 = ColStarts[tileIdx % TileCols] |		x0 = ColStarts[tileIdx % TileCols] |
	y0 = RowStarts[tileIdx // TileCols] |		y0 = RowStarts[tileIdx // TileCols] |
	numMbColsInTile = (ColStarts[tileIdx % TileCols + 1] - |		numMbColsInTile = (ColStarts[tileIdx % TileCols + 1] - |
	skipping to change at line 1508 ¶		skipping to change at line 1500 ¶
	for(i = 0; i < numMbsInTile; i++){ |		for(i = 0; i < numMbsInTile; i++){ |
	xMb = x0 + ((i % numMbColsInTile) * MbWidth) |		xMb = x0 + ((i % numMbColsInTile) * MbWidth) |
	yMb = y0 + ((i // numMbColsInTile) * MbHeight) |		yMb = y0 + ((i // numMbColsInTile) * MbHeight) |
	macroblock_layer(xMb, yMb, cIdx) |		macroblock_layer(xMb, yMb, cIdx) |
	} |		} |
	byte_alignment() |		byte_alignment() |
	} |		} |
	Figure 21: tile_data() syntax code		Figure 21: tile_data() syntax code
			The tile_data() syntax calculates the location of the macroblocks
			belonging to each tile and collects them.
	5.3.15. Macroblock Layer		5.3.15. Macroblock Layer
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	macroblock_layer(xMb, yMb, cIdx){ |		macroblock_layer(xMb, yMb, cIdx){ |
	subW = (cIdx == 0)? 1 : SubWidthC |		subW = (cIdx == 0)? 1 : SubWidthC |
	subH = (cIdx == 0)? 1 : SubHeightC |		subH = (cIdx == 0)? 1 : SubHeightC |
	blkWidth = (cIdx == 0)? MbWidth : MbWidthC |		blkWidth = (cIdx == 0)? MbWidth : MbWidthC |
	blkHeight = (cIdx == 0)? MbHeight : MbHeightC |		blkHeight = (cIdx == 0)? MbHeight : MbHeightC |
	TrSize = 8 |		TrSize = 8 |
	skipping to change at line 1552 ¶		skipping to change at line 1547 ¶
	specifies the sign of the difference between the current DC		specifies the sign of the difference between the current DC
	transform coefficient level and PrevDC. sign_dc_coeff_diff equal		transform coefficient level and PrevDC. sign_dc_coeff_diff equal
	to 0 specifies that the difference has a positive value.		to 0 specifies that the difference has a positive value.
	sign_dc_coeff_diff equal to 1 specifies that the difference has a		sign_dc_coeff_diff equal to 1 specifies that the difference has a
	negative value.		negative value.
	The transform coefficients are represented by the arrays		The transform coefficients are represented by the arrays
	TransCoeff[cIdx][x0][y0]. The array indices x0, y0 specify the		TransCoeff[cIdx][x0][y0]. The array indices x0, y0 specify the
	location (x0, y0) relative to the top-left sample for each component		location (x0, y0) relative to the top-left sample for each component
	of the frame. The array index cIdx specifies an indicator for the		of the frame. The array index cIdx specifies an indicator for the
	color component; when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, 0 for Y,		color component; when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, the value
	1 for Cb, and 2 for Cr. The value of TransCoeff[cIdx][x0][y0] MUST		of the index i is equal to 0 for Y component, 1 for Cb, and 2 for Cr.
	be in the range of -32768 to 32767, inclusive.		The value of TransCoeff[cIdx][x0][y0] MUST be in the range of -32768
			to 32767, inclusive.
	5.3.16. AC Coefficient Coding		5.3.16. AC Coefficient Coding
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	ac_coeff_coding(x0, y0, log2BlkWidth, log2BlkHeight, cIdx){ |		ac_coeff_coding(x0, y0, log2BlkWidth, log2BlkHeight, cIdx){ |
	scanPos = 1 |		scanPos = 1 |
	firstAC = 1 |		firstAC = 1 |
	PrevLevel = Prev1stAcLevel |		PrevLevel = Prev1stAcLevel |
	PrevRun = 0 |		PrevRun = 0 |
	skipping to change at line 1646 ¶		skipping to change at line 1642 ¶
	This process is invoked to obtain a decoded frame from a bitstream.		This process is invoked to obtain a decoded frame from a bitstream.
	Input to this process is a bitstream of a coded frame. Output of		Input to this process is a bitstream of a coded frame. Output of
	this process is a decoded frame.		this process is a decoded frame.
	The decoding process operates as follows for the current frame:		The decoding process operates as follows for the current frame:
	* The syntax structure for a coded frame is parsed to obtain the		* The syntax structure for a coded frame is parsed to obtain the
	parsed syntax structures.		parsed syntax structures.
	* The processes in Sections 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 specify the decoding		* The processes in Sections 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3 specify the decoding
	processes using syntax elements in all syntax structures. It is		processes using syntax elements in all syntax structures. For
	the requirement of bitstream conformance that the coded tiles of		bitstreams conforming to this document, the coded tiles of the
	the frame MUST contain tile data for every MB of the frame, such		frame MUST contain tile data for every MB of the frame, such that
	that the division of the frame into tiles and the division of the		the division of the frame into tiles and the division of the tiles
	tiles into MBs each forms a partitioning of the frame.		into MBs form a partitioning of the frame.
	* After all the tiles in the current frame have been decoded, the		* After all the tiles in the current frame have been decoded, the
	decoded frame is cropped using the cropping rectangle if		decoded frame is cropped using the cropping rectangle if
	FrameWidthInSamplesY is not equal to FrameWidthInMbY * MbWidth or		FrameWidthInSamplesY is not equal to FrameWidthInMbY * MbWidth or
	FrameHeightInSamplesY is not equal to FrameHeightInMbsY *		FrameHeightInSamplesY is not equal to FrameHeightInMbsY *
	MbHeight.		MbHeight.
	* The cropping rectangle, which specifies the samples of a frame		* The cropping rectangle, which specifies the samples of a frame
	that are output, is derived as follows:		that are output, is derived as follows:
	skipping to change at line 1677 ¶		skipping to change at line 1673 ¶
	frame coordinates (x//SubWidthC, y//SubHeightC), where (x,y)		frame coordinates (x//SubWidthC, y//SubHeightC), where (x,y)
	are the frame coordinates of the specified luma samples.		are the frame coordinates of the specified luma samples.
	6.1. MB Decoding Process		6.1. MB Decoding Process
	This process is invoked for each MB.		This process is invoked for each MB.
	Input to this process is a luma location (xMb, yMb) specifying the		Input to this process is a luma location (xMb, yMb) specifying the
	top-left sample of the current luma MB relative to the top-left luma		top-left sample of the current luma MB relative to the top-left luma
	sample of the current frame. Outputs of this process are the		sample of the current frame. Outputs of this process are the
	reconstructed samples of all the NumComps color components (when		reconstructed samples of all color components. The total number of
	chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, Y, Cb, and Cr) for the current		color components is indicated by the value of NumComps for the
	MB.		current MB. For example, when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3,
			the value of NumComps is equal to 3 and three components, Y
			component, Cb component, and Cr component, are reconstructed
	The following steps apply:		The following steps apply:
	* Let recSamples[0] be a (MbWidth)x(MbHeight) array of the		* Let recSamples[0] be a (MbWidth)x(MbHeight) array of the
	reconstructed samples of the first color component (when		reconstructed samples of the first color component (when
	chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, Y).		chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3, Y).
	* The block reconstruction process as specified in Section 6.2 is		* The block reconstruction process as specified in Section 6.2 is
	invoked with the luma location (xMb, yMb), the variable nBlkW set		invoked with the luma location (xMb, yMb), the variable nBlkW set
	equal to MbWidth, the variable nBlkH set equal to MbHeight, the		equal to MbWidth, the variable nBlkH set equal to MbHeight, the
	variable cIdx set equal to 0, and the (MbWidth)x(MbHeight) array		variable cIdx set equal to 0, and the (MbWidth)x(MbHeight) array
	recSamples[0] as inputs. The output is a modified version of the		recSamples[0] as inputs. The output is a modified version of the
	(MbWidth)x(MbHeight) array recSamples[0], which is the		(MbWidth)x(MbHeight) array recSamples[0], which is the
	reconstructed samples of the first color component for the current		reconstructed samples of the first color component for the current
	MB.		MB.
	* When chroma_format_idc is not equal to 0, let recSamples[1] be a		* When chroma_format_idc is not equal to 0, let recSamples[1] be a
	(MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array of the reconstructed samples of the		(MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array of the reconstructed samples of the
	second color component (when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3,		second color component. For example, when chroma_format_idc is
	Cb).		equal to 2 or 3, recSamples[1] is the Cb color component.
	* When chroma_format_idc is not equal to 0, the block reconstruction		* When chroma_format_idc is not equal to 0, the block reconstruction
	process as specified in Section 6.2 is invoked with the luma		process as specified in Section 6.2 is invoked with the luma
	location (xMb, yMb), the variable nBlkW set equal to MbWidthC, the		location (xMb, yMb), the variable nBlkW set equal to MbWidthC, the
	variable nBlkH set equal to MbHeightC, the variable cIdx set equal		variable nBlkH set equal to MbHeightC, the variable cIdx set equal
	to 1, and the (MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array recSamples[1] as		to 1, and the (MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array recSamples[1] as
	inputs. The output is a modified version of the		inputs. The output is a modified version of the
	(MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array recSamples[1], which is the		(MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array recSamples[1], which is the
	reconstructed samples of the second color component for the		reconstructed samples of the second color component for the
	current MB.		current MB.
	* When chroma_format_idc is not equal to 0, let recSamples[2] be a		* When chroma_format_idc is not equal to 0, let recSamples[2] be a
	(MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array of the reconstructed samples of the		(MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array of the reconstructed samples of the
	third color component(when chroma_format_idc is equal to 2 or 3,		third color component. For example, when chroma_format_idc is
	Cr).		equal to 2 or 3, recSamples[2] is the Cr color component.
	* When chroma_format_idc is not equal to 0, the block reconstruction		* When chroma_format_idc is not equal to 0, the block reconstruction
	process as specified in Section 6.2 is invoked with the luma		process as specified in Section 6.2 is invoked with the luma
	location (xMb, yMb), the variable nBlkW set equal to MbWidthC, the		location (xMb, yMb), the variable nBlkW set equal to MbWidthC, the
	variable nBlkH set equal to MbHeightC, the variable cIdx set equal		variable nBlkH set equal to MbHeightC, the variable cIdx set equal
	to 2, and the (MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array recSamples[2] as		to 2, and the (MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array recSamples[2] as
	inputs. The output is a modified version of the		inputs. The output is a modified version of the
	(MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array recSamples[2], which is the		(MbWidthC)x(MbHeightC) array recSamples[2], which is the
	reconstructed samples of the third color component for the current		reconstructed samples of the third color component for the current
	MB.		MB.
	skipping to change at line 1771 ¶		skipping to change at line 1769 ¶
	* The variables numBlkX and numBlkY are derived as follows:		* The variables numBlkX and numBlkY are derived as follows:
	- numBlkX = nBlkW // TrSize		- numBlkX = nBlkW // TrSize
	- numBlkY = nBlkH // TrSize		- numBlkY = nBlkH // TrSize
	* For yIdx = 0..numBlkY - 1, the following applies:		* For yIdx = 0..numBlkY - 1, the following applies:
	- For xIdx = 0..numBlkX - 1, the following applies:		- For xIdx = 0..numBlkX - 1, the following applies:
	The variables xBlk and yBlk are derived as follows:		o The variables xBlk and yBlk are derived as follows:
	* xBlk = xMb // (cIdx==0? 1: SubWidthC) + xIdx*TrSize		+ xBlk = xMb // (cIdx==0? 1: SubWidthC) + xIdx*TrSize
	* yBlk = yMb // (cIdx==0? 1: SubHeightC) + yIdx*TrSize		+ yBlk = yMb // (cIdx==0? 1: SubHeightC) + yIdx*TrSize
	* The scaling and transformation process as specified in Section 6.3		o The scaling and transformation process as specified in
	is invoked with the location (xBlk, yBlk), the variable cIdx set		Section 6.3 is invoked with the location (xBlk, yBlk), the
	equal to cIdx, the transform width nBlkW set equal to TrSize, and		variable cIdx set equal to cIdx, the transform width nBlkW
	the transform height nBlkH set equal to TrSize as inputs. The		set equal to TrSize, and the transform height nBlkH set
	output is a (TrSize)x(TrSize) array r of a reconstructed block.		equal to TrSize as inputs. The output is a
			(TrSize)x(TrSize) array r of a reconstructed block.
	* The (TrSize)x(TrSize) array recSamples is modified as follows:		o The (TrSize)x(TrSize) array recSamples is modified as
			follows:
	- recSamples[(xIdx * TrSize) + i, (yIdx * TrSize) + j] = r[i,j],		+ recSamples[(xIdx * TrSize) + i, (yIdx * TrSize) + j] =
	with i=0..TrSize-1, j=0..TrSize-1		r[i,j], with i=0..TrSize-1, j=0..TrSize-1
	6.3. Scaling and Transformation Process		6.3. Scaling and Transformation Process
	Inputs to this process are:		Inputs to this process are:
	* a location (xBlkY, yBlkY) of the current color component		* a location (xBlkY, yBlkY) of the current color component
	specifying the top-left sample of the current block relative to		specifying the top-left sample of the current block relative to
	the top-left sample of the current frame,		the top-left sample of the current frame,
	* a variable cIdx specifying the color component of the current		* a variable cIdx specifying the color component of the current
	skipping to change at line 1927 ¶		skipping to change at line 1927 ¶
	6.3.2.2. Transformation Process		6.3.2.2. Transformation Process
	Inputs to this process are:		Inputs to this process are:
	* a variable nTbS specifying the sample size of scaled transform		* a variable nTbS specifying the sample size of scaled transform
	coefficients, and		coefficients, and
	* a list of scaled transform coefficients x with elements x[j], with		* a list of scaled transform coefficients x with elements x[j], with
	j = 0..(nTbS - 1).		j = 0..(nTbS - 1).
	* Output of this process is the list of transformed samples y with		Output of this process is the list of transformed samples y with
	elements y[i], with i = 0..(nTbS - 1).		elements y[i], with i = 0..(nTbS - 1).
	* The transformation matrix derivation process as specified in		The transformation matrix derivation process as specified in
	Section 6.3.2.3 is invoked with the transform size nTbS as input,		Section 6.3.2.3 is invoked with the transform size nTbS as input, and
	and the transformation matrix transMatrix as output.		the transformation matrix transMatrix as output.
	* The list of transformed samples y[i] with i = 0..(nTbS - 1) is		The list of transformed samples y[i] with i = 0..(nTbS - 1) is
	derived as follows:		derived as follows:
	- y[i] = sum(j = 0, nTbS - 1, transMatrix[i][j] * x[j])		* y[i] = sum(j = 0, nTbS - 1, transMatrix[i][j] * x[j])
	6.3.2.3. Transformation Matrix Derivation Process		6.3.2.3. Transformation Matrix Derivation Process
	Input to this process is a variable nTbS specifying the horizontal		Input to this process is a variable nTbS specifying the horizontal
	sample size of scaled transform coefficients.		sample size of scaled transform coefficients.
	Output of this process is the transformation matrix transMatrix.		Output of this process is the transformation matrix transMatrix.
	The transformation matrix transMatrix is derived based on nTbs as		The transformation matrix transMatrix is derived based on nTbs as
	follows:		follows:
	skipping to change at line 2188 ¶		skipping to change at line 2188 ¶
	metadata_user_defined(payloadSize) |		metadata_user_defined(payloadSize) |
	} |		} |
	else{ |		else{ |
	metadata_undefined(payloadSize) |		metadata_undefined(payloadSize) |
	} |		} |
	byte_alignment() |		byte_alignment() |
	} |		} |
	Figure 28: metadata_payload() syntax code		Figure 28: metadata_payload() syntax code
			The syntax and semantics of each type of metadata are defined in
			Section 8.2.
	8.2. List of Metadata Syntax and Semantics		8.2. List of Metadata Syntax and Semantics
	8.2.1. Filler Metadata		8.2.1. Filler Metadata
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	metadata_filler(payloadSize){ |		metadata_filler(payloadSize){ |
	for(i = 0; i < payloadSize; i++){ |		for(i = 0; i < payloadSize; i++){ |
	ff_byte | f(8)		ff_byte | f(8)
	} |		} |
	skipping to change at line 2268 ¶		skipping to change at line 2271 ¶
	white_point_chromaticity_x | u(16)		white_point_chromaticity_x | u(16)
	white_point_chromaticity_y | u(16)		white_point_chromaticity_y | u(16)
	max_mastering_luminance | u(32)		max_mastering_luminance | u(32)
	min_mastering_luminance | u(32)		min_mastering_luminance | u(32)
	} |		} |
	Figure 30: metadata_mdcv() syntax code		Figure 30: metadata_mdcv() syntax code
	primary_chromaticity_x[i]		primary_chromaticity_x[i]
	specifies a 0.16 fixed-point format of X chromaticity coordinate		specifies a 0.16 fixed-point format of X chromaticity coordinate
	of mastering display as defined by CIE 1931, where i = 0, 1, 2		of mastering display in terms of CIE 1931 as specified in
	specifies Red, Green, Blue, respectively.		[ISO11664-1], where i = 0, 1, 2 specifies Red, Green, Blue,
			respectively.
	primary_chromaticity_y[i]		primary_chromaticity_y[i]
	specifies a 0.16 fixed-point format of Y chromaticity coordinate		specifies a 0.16 fixed-point format of Y chromaticity coordinate
	of mastering display as defined by CIE 1931, where i = 0, 1, 2		of mastering display in terms of CIE 1931 as specified in
	specifies Red, Green, Blue, respectively.		[ISO11664-1], where i = 0, 1, 2 specifies Red, Green, Blue,
			respectively.
	white_point_chromaticity_x		white_point_chromaticity_x
	specifies a 0.16 fixed-point format of white point X chromaticity		specifies a 0.16 fixed-point format of white point X chromaticity
	coordinate of mastering display as defined by CIE 1931.		coordinate of mastering display in terms of CIE 1931 as specified
			in [ISO11664-1].
	white_point_chromaticity_y		white_point_chromaticity_y
	specifies a 0.16 fixed-point format of white point Y chromaticity		specifies a 0.16 fixed-point format of white point Y chromaticity
	coordinate as mastering display defined by CIE 1931.		coordinate as mastering display in terms of CIE 1931 as specified
			in [ISO11664-1].
	max_mastering_luminance		max_mastering_luminance
	is a 24.8 fixed-point format of maximum display mastering		is a 24.8 fixed-point format of maximum display mastering
	luminance, represented in candelas per square meter.		luminance, represented in candelas per square meter.
	min_mastering_luminance		min_mastering_luminance
	is an 18.14 fixed-point format of minimum display mastering		is an 18.14 fixed-point format of minimum display mastering
	luminance, represented in candelas per square meter.		luminance, represented in candelas per square meter.
	8.2.4. Content Light-Level Information Metadata		8.2.4. Content Light-Level Information Metadata
	skipping to change at line 2305 ¶		skipping to change at line 2312 ¶
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	metadata_cll(payloadSize){ |		metadata_cll(payloadSize){ |
	max_cll | u(16)		max_cll | u(16)
	max_fall | u(16)		max_fall | u(16)
	} |		} |
	Figure 31: metadata_cll() syntax code		Figure 31: metadata_cll() syntax code
	max_cll		max_cll
	specifies the maximum content light level information as specified		specifies the maximum content light level information as specified
	in [CEA-861.3], Appendix A.		in [CTA-861.3], Appendix A.
	max_fall		max_fall
	specifies the maximum frame-average light level information as		specifies the maximum frame-average light level information as
	specified in [CEA-861.3], Appendix A.		specified in [CTA-861.3], Appendix A.
	8.2.5. User-Defined Metadata		8.2.5. User-Defined Metadata
	This metadata has user data identified by a universal unique		This metadata has user data identified by a universal unique
	identifier as specified in [RFC9562], the contents of which are not		identifier as specified in [RFC9562], the contents of which are not
	specified in this document.		specified in this document.
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	------------------------------------------------------------|-----		------------------------------------------------------------|-----
	metadata_user_defined(payloadSize){ |		metadata_user_defined(payloadSize){ |
	skipping to change at line 2378 ¶		skipping to change at line 2385 ¶
	subset of features supported in a profile.		subset of features supported in a profile.
	Each level with a band specifies a set of limits on the values that		Each level with a band specifies a set of limits on the values that
	may be taken by the syntax elements of this document. For any given		may be taken by the syntax elements of this document. For any given
	profile, a level with a band generally corresponds to a particular		profile, a level with a band generally corresponds to a particular
	decoder processing load and memory capability. The constraints set		decoder processing load and memory capability. The constraints set
	by levels and bands are orthogonal to the constraints defined by		by levels and bands are orthogonal to the constraints defined by
	profiles so that the same set of level and band definitions is used		profiles so that the same set of level and band definitions is used
	with all profiles. For example, a certain level L and a certain band		with all profiles. For example, a certain level L and a certain band
	B can be combined with either profile X or profile Y to specifically		B can be combined with either profile X or profile Y to specifically
	different set of constraints.		define two different sets of constraints.
	NOTE: Individual implementations may support a different level for		NOTE: Individual implementations may support a different level for
	each supported profile.		each supported profile.
	9.2. Requirements on Video Decoder Capability		9.2. Requirements on Video Decoder Capability
	Capabilities of video decoders conforming to this document are		Capabilities of video decoders conforming to this document are
	specified in terms of the ability to decode video streams conforming		specified in terms of the ability to decode video streams conforming
	to the constraints of profiles, levels, and bands specified in this		to the constraints of profiles, levels, and bands specified in this
	section. When expressing the capabilities of a decoder for a		section. When expressing the capabilities of a decoder for a
	skipping to change at line 2427 ¶		skipping to change at line 2434 ¶
	Coded frames conforming to the 422-10 profile MUST obey the following		Coded frames conforming to the 422-10 profile MUST obey the following
	constraints:		constraints:
	* chroma_format_idc MUST be equal to 2.		* chroma_format_idc MUST be equal to 2.
	* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be equal to 2.		* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be equal to 2.
	* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.		* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.
	Any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4 MUST be		Coded frames conforming to the 422-10 profile MUST also conform to
	fulfilled. Decoders conforming to the 422-10 profile at a specific		any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4. Decoders
	level (identified by a specific value of L) and a specific band		conforming to the 422-10 profile at a specific level (identified by a
	(identified by a specific value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all		specific value of L) and a specific band (identified by a specific
	coded frames for which all of the following conditions apply:		value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all coded frames for which
			all of the following conditions apply:
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 422-10 profile.		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 422-10 profile.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific
	value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.		value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific
	value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to level B.		value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to band B.
	9.3.3. 422-12 Profile		9.3.3. 422-12 Profile
	Conformance of a coded frame to the 422-12 profile is indicated by		Conformance of a coded frame to the 422-12 profile is indicated by
	profile_idc equal to 44.		profile_idc equal to 44.
	Coded frames conforming to the 422-12 profile MUST obey the following		Coded frames conforming to the 422-12 profile MUST obey the following
	constraints:		constraints:
	* chroma_format_idc MUST be equal to 2.		* chroma_format_idc MUST be equal to 2.
	* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.		* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.
	* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.		* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.
	Any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4 MUST be		Coded frames conforming to the 422-12 profile MUST also conform to
	fulfilled. Decoders conforming to the 422-12 profile at a specific		any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4. Decoders
	level (identified by a specific value of L) and a specific band		conforming to the 422-12 profile at a specific level (identified by a
	(identified by a specific value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all		specific value of L) and a specific band (identified by a specific
	coded frames for which all of the following conditions apply:		value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all coded frames for which
			all of the following conditions apply:
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 422-12 profile or		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 422-12 profile or
	the 422-10 profile.		the 422-10 profile.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific
	value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.		value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific
	value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to level B.		value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to band B.
	9.3.4. 444-10 Profile		9.3.4. 444-10 Profile
	Conformance of a coded frame to the 444-10 profile is indicated by		Conformance of a coded frame to the 444-10 profile is indicated by
	profile_idc equal to 55.		profile_idc equal to 55.
	Coded frames conforming to the 444-10 profile MUST obey the following		Coded frames conforming to the 444-10 profile MUST obey the following
	constraints:		constraints:
	* chroma_format_idc MUST be in the range of 2 to 3.		* chroma_format_idc MUST be in the range of 2 to 3.
	* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be equal to 2.		* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be equal to 2.
	* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.		* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.
	Any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4 MUST be		Coded frames conforming to the 444-10 profile MUST also conform to
	fulfilled. Decoders conforming to the 444-10 profile at a specific		any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4. Decoders
	level (identified by a specific value of L) and a specific band		conforming to the 444-10 profile at a specific level (identified by a
	(identified by a specific value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all		specific value of L) and a specific band (identified by a specific
	coded frames for which all of the following conditions apply:		value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all coded frames for which
			all of the following conditions apply:
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 444-10 profile or		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 444-10 profile or
	the 422-10 profile.		the 422-10 profile.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific
	value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.		value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific
	value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to level B.		value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to band B.
	9.3.5. 444-12 Profile		9.3.5. 444-12 Profile
	Conformance of a coded frame to the 444-12 profile is indicated by		Conformance of a coded frame to the 444-12 profile is indicated by
	profile_idc equal to 66.		profile_idc equal to 66.
	Coded frames conforming to the 444-12 profile MUST obey the following		Coded frames conforming to the 444-12 profile MUST obey the following
	constraints:		constraints:
	* chroma_format_idc MUST be in the range of 2 to 3.		* chroma_format_idc MUST be in the range of 2 to 3.
	* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.		* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.
	* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.		* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.
	Any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4 MUST be		Coded frames conforming to the 444-12 profile MUST also conform to
	fulfilled. Decoders conforming to the 444-12 profile at a specific		any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4. Decoders
	level (identified by a specific value of L) and a specific band		conforming to the 444-12 profile at a specific level (identified by a
	(identified by a specific value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all		specific value of L) and a specific band (identified by a specific
	coded frames for which all of the following conditions apply:		value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all coded frames for which
			all of the following conditions apply:
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 444-12 profile, the		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 444-12 profile, the
	444-10 profile, the 422-12 profile, or the 422-10 profile.		444-10 profile, the 422-12 profile, or the 422-10 profile.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific
	value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.		value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific
	value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to level B.		value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to band B.
	9.3.6. 4444-10 Profile		9.3.6. 4444-10 Profile
	Conformance of a coded frame to the 4444-10 profile is indicated by		Conformance of a coded frame to the 4444-10 profile is indicated by
	profile_idc equal to 77.		profile_idc equal to 77.
	Coded frames conforming to the 4444-10 profile MUST obey the		Coded frames conforming to the 4444-10 profile MUST obey the
	following constraints:		following constraints:
	* chroma_format_idc MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.		* chroma_format_idc MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.
	* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be equal to 2.		* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be equal to 2.
	* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.		* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.
	Any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4 MUST be		Coded frames conforming to the 4444-10 profile MUST also conform to
	fulfilled. Decoders conforming to the 4444-10 profile at a specific		any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4. Decoders
	level (identified by a specific value of L) and a specific band		conforming to the 4444-10 profile at a specific level (identified by
	(identified by a specific value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all		a specific value of L) and a specific band (identified by a specific
	coded frames for which all of the following conditions apply:		value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all coded frames for which
			all of the following conditions apply:
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 4444-10 profile,		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 4444-10 profile,
	the 444-10 profile, or the 422-10 profile.		the 444-10 profile, or the 422-10 profile.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific
	value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.		value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific
	value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to level B.		value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to band B.
	9.3.7. 4444-12 Profile		9.3.7. 4444-12 Profile
	Conformance of a coded frame to the 4444-12 profile is indicated by		Conformance of a coded frame to the 4444-12 profile is indicated by
	profile_idc equal to 88.		profile_idc equal to 88.
	Coded frames conforming to the 4444-12 profile MUST obey the		Coded frames conforming to the 4444-12 profile MUST obey the
	following constraints:		following constraints:
	* chroma_format_idc MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.		* chroma_format_idc MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.
	* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.		* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be in the range of 2 to 4.
	* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.		* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.
	Any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4 MUST be		Coded frames conforming to the 4444-12 profile MUST also conform to
	fulfilled. Decoders conforming to the 4444-12 profile at a specific		any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4. Decoders
	level (identified by a specific value of L) and a specific band		conforming to the 4444-12 profile at a specific level (identified by
	(identified by a specific value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all		a specific value of L) and a specific band (identified by a specific
	coded frames for which all of the following conditions apply:		value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all coded frames for which
			all of the following conditions apply:
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 4444-12 profile,		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 4444-12 profile,
	the 4444-10 profile, the 444-12 profile, the 444-10 profile, the		the 4444-10 profile, the 444-12 profile, the 444-10 profile, the
	422-12 profile, or the 422-10 profile.		422-12 profile, or the 422-10 profile.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific
	value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.		value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific
	value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to level B.		value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to band B.
	9.3.8. 400-10 Profile		9.3.8. 400-10 Profile
	Conformance of a coded frame to the 400-10 profile is indicated by		Conformance of a coded frame to the 400-10 profile is indicated by
	profile_idc equal to 99.		profile_idc equal to 99.
	Coded frames conforming to the 400-10 profile MUST obey the following		Coded frames conforming to the 400-10 profile MUST obey the following
	constraints:		constraints:
	* chroma_format_idc MUST be equal to 0.		* chroma_format_idc MUST be equal to 0.
	* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be equal to 2.		* bit_depth_minus8 MUST be equal to 2.
	* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.		* pbu_type MUST be equal to 1.
	Any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4 MUST be		Coded frames conforming to the 400-10 profile MUST also conform to
	fulfilled. Decoders conforming to the 400-10 profile at a specific		any levels and bands constraints specified in Section 9.4. Decoders
	level (identified by a specific value of L) and a specific band		conforming to the 400-10 profile at a specific level (identified by a
	(identified by a specific value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all		specific value of L) and a specific band (identified by a specific
	coded frames for which all of the following conditions apply:		value of B) MUST be capable of decoding all coded frames for which
			all of the following conditions apply:
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 400-10 profile.		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to the 400-10 profile.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a level (by a specific
	value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.		value of level_idc) that is lower than or equal to level L.
	* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific		* The coded frame is indicated to conform to a band (by a specific
	value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to level B.		value of band_idc) that is lower than or equal to band B.
	9.4. Levels and Bands		9.4. Levels and Bands
	9.4.1. General		9.4.1. General
	For purposes of comparison of level capabilities, a particular level		For purposes of comparison of level capabilities, a particular level
	of each band is considered to be a lower level than some other level		of each band is considered to be a lower level than some other level
	when the value of the level_idc of the particular level of each band		when the value of the level_idc of the particular level of each band
	is less than that of the other level.		is less than that of the other level.
	skipping to change at line 2735 ¶		skipping to change at line 2749 ¶
	its allocated memory or to take an excessive amount of resources to		its allocated memory or to take an excessive amount of resources to
	decode. An overrun in allocated memory could lead to arbitrary code		decode. An overrun in allocated memory could lead to arbitrary code
	execution by an attacker. The same applies to the encoder, even		execution by an attacker. The same applies to the encoder, even
	though problems in encoders are typically rare. Malicious video		though problems in encoders are typically rare. Malicious video
	streams MUST NOT cause the encoder to misbehave because this would		streams MUST NOT cause the encoder to misbehave because this would
	allow an attacker to attack transcoding gateways. A frequent		allow an attacker to attack transcoding gateways. A frequent
	security problem in image and video codecs is failure to check for		security problem in image and video codecs is failure to check for
	integer overflows. An example is allocating "frame_width *		integer overflows. An example is allocating "frame_width *
	frame_height" in pixel count computations without considering that		frame_height" in pixel count computations without considering that
	the multiplication result may have overflowed the range of the		the multiplication result may have overflowed the range of the
	arithmetic type. The implementation MUST ensure that no read outside		arithmetic type. The implementation MUST ensure that any data
	allocated and initialized memory occurs.		outside of allocated and initialized memory cannot be read.
	A decoder MUST NOT try to process the metadata whose type is not		A decoder MUST NOT try to process the metadata whose type is not
	recognized by the implementation. Failure to process any metadata		recognized by the implementation. Failure to process any metadata
	exactly according to the syntax structure specified MAY put a decoder		exactly according to the syntax structure specified MAY put a decoder
	in an unknown status.		in an unknown status.
	None of the content carried in APV is intended to be executable.		None of the content carried in APV is intended to be executable.
	11. IANA Considerations		11. IANA Considerations
	This document has no actions for IANA.		This document has no actions for IANA.
	12. References		12. References
	12.1. Normative References		12.1. Normative References
	[CEA-861.3]
	CEA, "CEA-861.3, HDR Static Metadata Extension", January
	2015.
	[CIE15] CIE, "Colorimetry, 4th Edition", DOI 10.25039/TR.015.2018,		[CIE15] CIE, "Colorimetry, 4th Edition", DOI 10.25039/TR.015.2018,
	2018,		2018,
	<https://cie.co.at/publications/colorimetry-4th-edition>.		<https://cie.co.at/publications/colorimetry-4th-edition>.
			[CTA-861.3]
			CTA, "HDR Static Metadata Extensions", CTA-861.3-A,
			September 2019.
	[H273] ITU-T, "Coding-independent code points for video signal		[H273] ITU-T, "Coding-independent code points for video signal
	type identification", ITU-T Recommendation H.273, ISO/		type identification", ITU-T Recommendation H.273, ISO/
	IEC 23091-2:2025, July 2024,		IEC 23091-2:2025, July 2024,
	<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.273>.		<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.273>.
			[ISO11664-1]
			ISO, "Colorimetry - Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric
			observers", ISO/CIE 11664-1:2019, 2019,
			<https://www.iso.org/standard/74164.html>.
	[ISO9899] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Programming languages -		[ISO9899] ISO/IEC, "Information technology - Programming languages -
	C", ISO/IEC 9899:2018, 2018,		C", ISO/IEC 9899:2024, 2024,
	<https://www.iso.org/standard/74528.html>.		<https://www.iso.org/standard/82075.html>.
	[ITUT-T35] ITU-T, "Procedure for the allocation of ITU-T defined		[ITUT-T35] ITU-T, "Procedure for the allocation of ITU-T defined
	codes for non-standard facilities", ITU-T		codes for non-standard facilities", ITU-T
	Recommendation T.35, February 2000,		Recommendation T.35, February 2000,
	<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.35>.		<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-T.35>.
	[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate		[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
	Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,		Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
	DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,		DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
	<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.		<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
	skipping to change at line 2801 ¶		skipping to change at line 2820 ¶
	<https://www.oscars.org/>.		<https://www.oscars.org/>.
	[AOSP16APV]		[AOSP16APV]
	"Android open source project version 16",		"Android open source project version 16",
	<https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/		<https://developer.android.com/about/versions/16/
	features#apv>.		features#apv>.
	[ASWF] "The Academy Software Foundation", <https://www.aswf.io/>.		[ASWF] "The Academy Software Foundation", <https://www.aswf.io/>.
	[FFmpegAPVdec]		[FFmpegAPVdec]
	"FFmpeg implementation of APV decoder", 19 April 2025,		"FFmpeg implementation of APV decoder", 20 November 2025,
	<https://git.ffmpeg.org/gitweb/ffmpeg.git/		<https://ffmpeg.org/download.html#release_8.0>.
	commit/483cadf8d77d3260eec8781f5f18c50f27e468f8>.
	[FFmpegAPVenc]		[FFmpegAPVenc]
	"FFmpeg implementation of APV encoder", 23 April 2025,		"FFmpeg implementation of APV encoder", 4 May 2025,
	<https://git.ffmpeg.org/gitweb/ffmpeg.git/commit/		<https://git.ffmpeg.org/gitweb/ffmpeg.git/commit/
	fab691edaf53bbf10429ef3448f1f274e5078395>.		fab691edaf53bbf10429ef3448f1f274e5078395>.
	[OpenAPV] "OpenAPV", commit 1a7845a, 16 December 2025,		[OpenAPV] "OpenAPV", commit 1a7845a, 16 December 2025,
	<https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/openapv>.		<https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/openapv>.
	Appendix A. Raw Bitstream Format		Appendix A. Raw Bitstream Format
	syntax code | type		syntax code | type
	--------------------------------------------------------------|-----		--------------------------------------------------------------|-----
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