/* a fifo queue that never fills.
 * licensed under GNU Lesser Public License version 2.1 or later.
 * Copyright (C) 2005 Elwood C. Downey ecdowney@clearskyinstitute.com
 * includes standalone commandline test program, see below.
 */

/** \file fq.c
    \brief a fifo queue that never fills.

   Generic FIFO Queue.

   an FQ is a FIFO list of pointers to void, each called an "element".
   elements are added at q[head]. there are (nq) elements in the list. the
   element to be removed next is q[head-nq]. there are (head-nq) empty slots
   at the front of the q array. there are (nmem-head) elements available at
   the end. if the head reaches the end, existing enties are slid to the front
   of the array and total memory is adjusted up or down as required.
   
   example:
      
    <-------------------- nmem = 17 --------------------------------->
    <-- head - nq = 6 --->   <-- nq = 4 -->  <---- nmem - head = 7 -->
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    |   |   |   |   |   |   | x | x | x | x |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
      0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   ^ 
                                             head = 10
 
     \author Elwood Downey
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "fq.h"

struct _FQ {
    void **q;				/* malloced array of (void *) */
    int nq;				/* number of elements on queue */
    int head;				/* index into q[] of next empty spot */
    int nmem;				/* number of total slots in q[] */
    int grow;				/* n elements to grow when out of room*/
};

/* default memory managers, override with setMemFuncsFQ() */
static void *(*mymalloc)(size_t size) = malloc;
static void *(*myrealloc)(void *ptr, size_t size) = realloc;
static void (*myfree)(void *ptr) = free;

static void chkFQ (FQ *q);

/* return pointer to a new FQ, or NULL if no more memory.
 * grow is an efficiency hint of the number of elements to grow when out of
 *   room, nothing terrible happens if it is wrong.
 */
FQ *
newFQ (int grow)
{
	FQ *q = (FQ *)(*mymalloc)(sizeof(FQ));
	memset (q, 0, sizeof(FQ));
	q->q = (*mymalloc) (1);		/* seed for realloc */
	q->grow = grow > 0 ? grow : 1;
	return (q);
}

/* delete a FQ no longer needed */
void
delFQ (FQ *q)
{
	(*myfree) (q->q);		/* guaranteed set in newFQ() */
	(*myfree) ((void *)q);
}

/* push an element onto the given FQ */
void
pushFQ (FQ *q, void *e)
{
	chkFQ (q);
	q->q[q->head++] = e;
	q->nq++;
}

/* pop and return the next element in the given FQ, or NULL if empty */
void *
popFQ (FQ *q)
{
	return (q->nq > 0 ? q->q[q->head - q->nq--] : NULL);
}

/* return next element in the given FQ leaving it on the q, or NULL if empty */
void *
peekFQ (FQ *q)
{
	return (q->nq > 0 ? q->q[q->head - q->nq] : NULL);
}

/* return the number of elements in the given FQ */
int
nFQ (FQ *q)
{
	return (q->nq);
}

/* install new version of malloc/realloc/free.
 * N.B. don't call after first use of any other FQ function
 */
void
setMemFuncsFQ (void *(*newmalloc)(size_t size),
           void *(*newrealloc)(void *ptr, size_t size),
	   void (*newfree)(void *ptr))
{
	mymalloc = newmalloc;
	myrealloc = newrealloc;
	myfree = newfree;
}

/* insure q can hold one more element */
static void
chkFQ (FQ *q)
{
	int infront;

	/* done if still room at end */
	if (q->nmem > q->head)
	    return;

	/* move list to front */
	infront = q->head - q->nq;
	memmove (q->q, &q->q[infront], q->nq * sizeof(void*));
	q->head -= infront;

	/* realloc to minimum number of grow-sized chunks required */
	q->nmem = q->grow*(q->head/q->grow+1);
	q->q = (*myrealloc) (q->q, q->nmem * sizeof(void*));
}

#if defined(TEST_FQ)

/* to build a stand-alone commandline test program:
 *   cc -DTEST_FQ -o fq fq.c
 * run ./fq to test push/pop/peek and watch the queue after each operation.
 * the queue test elements are char, please excuse the ugly casts.
 */

#include <stdio.h>

/* draw a simple graphical representation of the given FQ */
static void
prFQ (FQ *q)
{
	int i;

	/* print the q, empty slots print as '.' */
	for (i = 0; i < q->nmem; i++) {
	    if (i >= q->head - q->nq && i < q->head)
		printf ("%c", (char)(int)q->q[i]);
	    else
		printf (".");
	}

	/* add right-justified stats */
	printf ("%*s nmem = %2d head = %2d nq = %2d\n", 50-i, "", q->nmem,
							    q->head, q->nq);
}

int
main (int ac, char *av[])
{
	FQ *q = newFQ(8);
	int c, e = -1;
	void *p;

	printf ("Commands:\n");
	printf (" P  = push a letter a-z\n");
	printf (" p  = pop a letter\n");
	printf (" k  = peek into queue\n");

	while ((c = fgetc(stdin)) != EOF) {
	    switch (c) {
	    case 'P':
		pushFQ (q, (void*)('a'+(e=(e+1)%26)));
		prFQ(q);
		break;
	    case 'p':
		p = popFQ (q);
		if (p)
		    printf ("popped %c\n", (char)(int)p);
		else
		    printf ("popped empty q\n");
		prFQ(q);
		break;
	    case 'k':
		p = peekFQ (q);
		if (p)
		    printf ("peeked %c\n", (char)(int)p);
		else
		    printf ("peeked empty q\n");
		prFQ(q);
		break;
	    default:
		break;
	    }
	}

	return (0);
}
#endif /* TEST_FQ */

