TQColor Class

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# TQColor Class Reference

The TQColor class provides colors based on RGB or HSV values. More...

`#include <ntqcolor.h>`

List of all member functions.

## Public Members

- enum Spec { Rgb, Hsv }
- TQColor ()
- TQColor ( int r, int g, int b )
- TQColor ( int x, int y, int z, Spec colorSpec )
- TQColor ( TQRgb rgb, uint pixel = 0xffffffff )
- TQColor ( const TQString & name )
- TQColor ( const char * name )
- TQColor ( const TQColor & c )
- TQColor & operator= ( const TQColor & c )
- bool isValid () const
- TQString name () const
- void setNamedColor ( const TQString & name )
- TQRgb rgb () const
- void setRgb ( int r, int g, int b )
- void setRgb ( TQRgb rgb )
- void getRgb ( int * r, int * g, int * b ) const
- void rgb ( int * r, int * g, int * b ) const (obsolete)
- int red () const
- int green () const
- int blue () const
- void setHsv ( int h, int s, int v )
- void getHsv ( int * h, int * s, int * v ) const
- void hsv ( int * h, int * s, int * v ) const (obsolete)
- void getHsv ( int & h, int & s, int & v ) const (obsolete)
- TQColor light ( int factor = 150 ) const
- TQColor dark ( int factor = 200 ) const
- bool operator== ( const TQColor & c ) const
- bool operator!= ( const TQColor & c ) const
- uint alloc ()
- uint pixel () const
- uint pixel ( int screen ) const

## Static Public Members

- int maxColors ()
- int numBitPlanes ()
- int enterAllocContext ()
- void leaveAllocContext ()
- int currentAllocContext ()
- void destroyAllocContext ( int context )
- void initialize ()
- void cleanup ()
- TQStringList colorNames ()

## Related Functions

- TQDataStream & operator<< ( TQDataStream & s, const TQColor & c )
- TQDataStream & operator>> ( TQDataStream & s, TQColor & c )
- int tqRed ( TQRgb rgb )
- int tqGreen ( TQRgb rgb )
- int tqBlue ( TQRgb rgb )
- int tqAlpha ( TQRgb rgba )
- TQRgb tqRgb ( int r, int g, int b )
- TQRgb tqRgba ( int r, int g, int b, int a )
- int tqGray ( int r, int g, int b )
- int tqGray ( tqRgb rgb )

## Detailed Description

The TQColor class provides colors based on RGB or HSV values.

A color is normally specified in terms of RGB (red, green and blue) components, but it is also possible to specify HSV (hue, saturation and value) or set a color name (the names are copied from from the X11 color database).

In addition to the RGB value, a TQColor also has a pixel value and a validity. The pixel value is used by the underlying window system to refer to a color. It can be thought of as an index into the display hardware's color table.

The validity (isValid()) indicates whether the color is legal at all. For example, a RGB color with RGB values out of range is illegal. For performance reasons, TQColor mostly disregards illegal colors. The result of using an invalid color is unspecified and will usually be surprising.

There are 19 predefined TQColor objects: `white`, `black`, `red`, `darkRed`, `green`, `darkGreen`, `blue`, `darkBlue`, `cyan`, `darkCyan`, `magenta`, `darkMagenta`, `yellow`, `darkYellow`, `gray`, `darkGray`, `lightGray`, `color0` and `color1`, accessible as members of the TQt namespace (ie. `TQt::red`).

The colors `color0` (zero pixel value) and `color1` (non-zero pixel value) are special colors for drawing in bitmaps. Painting with `color0` sets the bitmap bits to 0 (transparent, i.e. background), and painting with `color1` sets the bits to 1 (opaque, i.e. foreground).

The TQColor class has an efficient, dynamic color allocation strategy. A color is normally allocated the first time it is used (lazy allocation), that is, whenever the pixel() function is called. The following steps are taken to allocate a color. If, at any point, a suitable color is found then the appropriate pixel value is returned and the subsequent steps are not taken:

1. Is the pixel value valid? If it is, just return it; otherwise, allocate a pixel value.
2. Check an internal hash table to see if we allocated an equal RGB value earlier. If we did, set the corresponding pixel value for the color and return it.
3. Try to allocate the RGB value. If we succeed, we get a pixel value that we save in the internal table with the RGB value. Return the pixel value.
4. The color could not be allocated. Find the closest matching color, save it in the internal table, and return it.

A color can be set by passing setNamedColor() an RGB string like "#112233", or a color name, e.g. "blue". The names are taken from X11's rgb.txt database but can also be used under Windows. To get a lighter or darker color use light() and dark() respectively. Colors can also be set using setRgb() and setHsv(). The color components can be accessed in one go with rgb() and hsv(), or individually with red(), green() and blue().

Use maxColors() and numBitPlanes() to determine the maximum number of colors and the number of bit planes supported by the underlying window system,

If you need to allocate many colors temporarily, for example in an image viewer application, enterAllocContext(), leaveAllocContext() and destroyAllocContext() will prove useful.

### HSV Colors

Because many people don't know the HSV color model very well, we'll cover it briefly here.

The RGB model is hardware-oriented. Its representation is close to what most monitors show. In contrast, HSV represents color in a way more suited to the human perception of color. For example, the relationships "stronger than", "darker than" and "the opposite of" are easily expressed in HSV but are much harder to express in RGB.

HSV, like RGB, has three components:

- H, for hue, is either 0-359 if the color is chromatic (not gray), or meaningless if it is gray. It represents degrees on the color wheel familiar to most people. Red is 0 (degrees), green is 120 and blue is 240.

- S, for saturation, is 0-255, and the bigger it is, the stronger the color is. Grayish colors have saturation near 0; very strong colors have saturation near 255.

- V, for value, is 0-255 and represents lightness or brightness of the color. 0 is black; 255 is as far from black as possible.

Here are some examples: Pure red is H=0, S=255, V=255. A dark red, moving slightly towards the magenta, could be H=350 (equivalent to -10), S=255, V=180. A grayish light red could have H about 0 (say 350-359 or 0-10), S about 50-100, and S=255.

TQt returns a hue value of -1 for achromatic colors. If you pass a too-big hue value, TQt forces it into range. Hue 360 or 720 is treated as 0; hue 540 is treated as 180.

See also TQPalette, TQColorGroup, TQApplication::setColorSpec(), Color FAQ, Widget Appearance and Style, Graphics Classes, and Image Processing Classes.

## Member Type Documentation

### TQColor::Spec

The type of color specified, either RGB or HSV, e.g. in the `TQColor::TQColor( x, y, z, colorSpec)` constructor.

- `TQColor::Rgb`
- `TQColor::Hsv`

## Member Function Documentation

### TQColor::TQColor ()

Constructs an invalid color with the RGB value (0, 0, 0). An invalid color is a color that is not properly set up for the underlying window system.

The alpha value of an invalid color is unspecified.

See also isValid().

### TQColor::TQColor ( int r, int g, int b )

Constructs a color with the RGB value r, g, b, in the same way as setRgb().

The color is left invalid if any or the arguments are illegal.

See also setRgb().

### TQColor::TQColor ( int x, int y, int z, Spec colorSpec )

Constructs a color with the RGB or HSV value x, y, z.

The arguments are an RGB value if colorSpec is TQColor::Rgb. x (red), y (green), and z (blue). All of them must be in the range 0-255.

The arguments are an HSV value if colorSpec is TQColor::Hsv. x (hue) must be -1 for achromatic colors and 0-359 for chromatic colors; y (saturation) and z (value) must both be in the range 0-255.

See also setRgb() and setHsv().

### TQColor::TQColor ( TQRgb rgb, uint pixel = 0xffffffff )

Constructs a color with the RGB value rgb and a custom pixel value pixel.

If pixel == 0xffffffff (the default), then the color uses the RGB value in a standard way. If pixel is something else, then the pixel value is set directly to pixel, skipping the normal allocation procedure.

### TQColor::TQColor ( const TQString & name )

Constructs a named color in the same way as setNamedColor() using name name.

The color is left invalid if name cannot be parsed.

See also setNamedColor().

### TQColor::TQColor ( const char * name )

Constructs a named color in the same way as setNamedColor() using name name.

The color is left invalid if name cannot be parsed.

See also setNamedColor().

### TQColor::TQColor ( const TQColor & c )

Constructs a color that is a copy of c.

### uint TQColor::alloc ()

Allocates the RGB color and returns the pixel value.

Allocating a color means to obtain a pixel value from the RGB specification. The pixel value is an index into the global color table, but should be considered an arbitrary platform-dependent value.

The pixel() function calls alloc() if necessary, so in general you don't need to call this function.

See also enterAllocContext().

### int TQColor::blue () const

Returns the B (blue) component of the RGB value.

### void TQColor::cleanup ()`[static]`

Internal clean up required for TQColor. This function is called from the TQApplication destructor.

See also initialize().

### TQStringList TQColor::colorNames ()`[static]`

Returns a TQStringList containing the color names TQt knows about.

### int TQColor::currentAllocContext ()`[static]`

Returns the current color allocation context.

The default context is 0.

See also enterAllocContext() and leaveAllocContext().

### TQColor TQColor::dark ( int factor = 200 ) const

Returns a darker (or lighter) color, but does not change this object.

Returns a darker color if factor is greater than 100. Setting factor to 300 returns a color that has one-third the brightness.

Returns a lighter color if factor is less than 100. We recommend using lighter() for this purpose. If factor is 0 or negative, the return value is unspecified.

(This function converts the current RGB color to HSV, divides V by factor and converts back to RGB.)

See also light().

Examples: desktop/desktop.cpp and themes/wood.cpp.

### void TQColor::destroyAllocContext ( int context )`[static]`

Destroys a color allocation context, context.

This function deallocates all colors that were allocated in the specified context. If context == -1, it frees up all colors that the application has allocated. If context == -2, it frees up all colors that the application has allocated, except those in the default context.

The function does nothing for true color displays.

See also enterAllocContext() and alloc().

Example: showimg/showimg.cpp.

### int TQColor::enterAllocContext ()`[static]`

Enters a color allocation context and returns a non-zero unique identifier.

Color allocation contexts are useful for programs that need to allocate many colors and throw them away later, like image viewers. The allocation context functions work for true color displays as well as for colormap displays, except that TQColor::destroyAllocContext() does nothing for true color.

Example:

        TQPixmap loadPixmap( TQString fileName )
        {
            static int alloc_context = 0;
            if ( alloc_context )
                TQColor::destroyAllocContext( alloc_context );
            alloc_context = TQColor::enterAllocContext();
            TQPixmap pm( fileName );
            TQColor::leaveAllocContext();
            return pm;
        }

The example code loads a pixmap from file. It frees up all colors that were allocated the last time loadPixmap() was called.

The initial/default context is 0. TQt keeps a list of colors associated with their allocation contexts. You can call destroyAllocContext() to get rid of all colors that were allocated in a specific context.

Calling enterAllocContext() enters an allocation context. The allocation context lasts until you call leaveAllocContext(). TQColor has an internal stack of allocation contexts. Each call to enterAllocContex() must have a corresponding leaveAllocContext().

            // context 0 active
        int c1 = TQColor::enterAllocContext();    // enter context c1
            // context c1 active
        int c2 = TQColor::enterAllocContext();    // enter context c2
            // context c2 active
        TQColor::leaveAllocContext();             // leave context c2
            // context c1 active
        TQColor::leaveAllocContext();             // leave context c1
            // context 0 active
            // Now, free all colors that were allocated in context c2
        TQColor::destroyAllocContext( c2 );

You may also want to set the application's color specification. See TQApplication::setColorSpec() for more information.

See also leaveAllocContext(), currentAllocContext(), destroyAllocContext(), and TQApplication::setColorSpec().

Example: showimg/showimg.cpp.

### void TQColor::getHsv ( int * h, int * s, int * v ) const

Returns the current RGB value as HSV. The contents of the h, s and v pointers are set to the HSV values. If any of the three pointers are null, the function does nothing.

The hue (which h points to) is set to -1 if the color is achromatic.

Warning: Colors are stored internally as RGB values, so getHSv() may return slightly different values to those set by setHsv().

See also setHsv() and rgb().

### void TQColor::getHsv ( int & h, int & s, int & v ) const

This function is obsolete. It is provided to keep old source working. We strongly advise against using it in new code.

### void TQColor::getRgb ( int * r, int * g, int * b ) const

Sets the contents pointed to by r, g and b to the red, green and blue components of the RGB value respectively. The value range for a component is 0..255.

See also rgb(), setRgb(), and getHsv().

### int TQColor::green () const

Returns the G (green) component of the RGB value.

### void TQColor::hsv ( int * h, int * s, int * v ) const

This function is obsolete. It is provided to keep old source working. We strongly advise against using it in new code. Use getHsv() instead.

Example: themes/metal.cpp.

### void TQColor::initialize ()`[static]`

Internal initialization required for TQColor. This function is called from the TQApplication constructor.

See also cleanup().

### bool TQColor::isValid () const

Returns FALSE if the color is invalid, i.e. it was constructed using the default constructor; otherwise returns TRUE.

Examples: chart/element.cpp, chart/setdataform.cpp, and scribble/scribble.cpp.

### void TQColor::leaveAllocContext ()`[static]`

Leaves a color allocation context.

See enterAllocContext() for a detailed explanation.

See also enterAllocContext() and currentAllocContext().

Example: showimg/showimg.cpp.

### TQColor TQColor::light ( int factor = 150 ) const

Returns a lighter (or darker) color, but does not change this object.

Returns a lighter color if factor is greater than 100. Setting factor to 150 returns a color that is 50% brighter.

Returns a darker color if factor is less than 100. We recommend using dark() for this purpose. If factor is 0 or negative, the return value is unspecified.

(This function converts the current RGB color to HSV, multiplies V by factor, and converts the result back to RGB.)

See also dark().

Examples: desktop/desktop.cpp and themes/wood.cpp.

### int TQColor::maxColors ()`[static]`

Returns the maximum number of colors supported by the underlying window system if the window system uses a palette.

Otherwise returns -1. Use numBitPlanes() to calculate the available colors in that case.

### TQString TQColor::name () const

Returns the name of the color in the format "#RRGGBB", i.e. a "#" character followed by three two-digit hexadecimal numbers.

See also setNamedColor().

Example: chart/setdataform.cpp.

### int TQColor::numBitPlanes ()`[static]`

Returns the number of color bit planes for the underlying window system.

The returned value is equal to the default pixmap depth.

See also TQPixmap::defaultDepth().

### bool TQColor::operator!= ( const TQColor & c ) const

Returns TRUE if this color has a different RGB value from c; otherwise returns FALSE.

### TQColor & TQColor::operator= ( const TQColor & c )

Assigns a copy of the color c and returns a reference to this color.

### bool TQColor::operator== ( const TQColor & c ) const

Returns TRUE if this color has the same RGB value as c; otherwise returns FALSE.

### uint TQColor::pixel () const

Returns the pixel value.

This value is used by the underlying window system to refer to a color. It can be thought of as an index into the display hardware's color table, but the value is an arbitrary 32-bit value.

See also alloc().

### uint TQColor::pixel ( int screen ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns the pixel value for screen screen.

This value is used by the underlying window system to refer to a color. It can be thought of as an index into the display hardware's color table, but the value is an arbitrary 32-bit value.

See also alloc().

### int TQColor::red () const

Returns the R (red) component of the RGB value.

### TQRgb TQColor::rgb () const

Returns the RGB value.

The return type TQRgb is equivalent to `unsigned` `int`.

For an invalid color, the alpha value of the returned color is unspecified.

See also setRgb(), hsv(), tqRed(), tqBlue(), tqGreen(), and isValid().

### void TQColor::rgb ( int * r, int * g, int * b ) const

This function is obsolete. It is provided to keep old source working. We strongly advise against using it in new code. Use getRgb() instead

### void TQColor::setHsv ( int h, int s, int v )

Sets a HSV color value. h is the hue, s is the saturation and v is the value of the HSV color.

If s or v are not in the range 0-255, or h is < -1, the color is not changed.

Warning: Colors are stored internally as RGB values, so getHSv() may return slightly different values to those set by setHsv().

See also hsv() and setRgb().

Examples: drawdemo/drawdemo.cpp, grapher/grapher.cpp, and progress/progress.cpp.

### void TQColor::setNamedColor ( const TQString & name )

Sets the RGB value to name, which may be in one of these formats:

- #RGB (each of R, G and B is a single hex digit)
- #RRGGBB
- #RRRGGGBBB
- #RRRRGGGGBBBB
- A name from the X color database (rgb.txt) (e.g. "steelblue" or "gainsboro"). These color names also work under Windows.

The color is invalid if name cannot be parsed.

### void TQColor::setRgb ( int r, int g, int b )

Sets the RGB value to r, g, b. The arguments, r, g and b must all be in the range 0..255. If any of them are outside the legal range, the color is not changed.

See also rgb() and setHsv().

### void TQColor::setRgb ( TQRgb rgb )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Sets the RGB value to rgb.

The type TQRgb is equivalent to `unsigned` `int`.

See also rgb() and setHsv().

## Related Functions

### TQDataStream & operator<< ( TQDataStream & s, const TQColor & c )

Writes a color object, c to the stream, s.

See also Format of the TQDataStream operators.

### TQDataStream & operator>> ( TQDataStream & s, TQColor & c )

Reads a color object, c, from the stream, s.

See also Format of the TQDataStream operators.

### int tqAlpha ( TQRgb rgba )

Returns the alpha component of the RGBA quadruplet rgba.

### int tqBlue ( TQRgb rgb )

Returns the blue component of the RGB triplet rgb.

See also tqRgb() and TQColor::blue().

### int tqGray ( int r, int g, int b )

Returns a gray value 0..255 from the (r, g, b) triplet.

The gray value is calculated using the formula (r*11 + g*16 + b*5)/32.

### int tqGray ( tqRgb rgb )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns a gray value 0..255 from the given rgb colour.

### int tqGreen ( TQRgb rgb )

Returns the green component of the RGB triplet rgb.

See also tqRgb() and TQColor::green().

### int tqRed ( TQRgb rgb )

Returns the red component of the RGB triplet rgb.

See also tqRgb() and TQColor::red().

### TQRgb tqRgb ( int r, int g, int b )

Returns the RGB triplet (r,g,b).

The return type TQRgb is equivalent to `unsigned` `int`.

See also tqRgba(), tqRed(), tqGreen(), and tqBlue().

### TQRgb tqRgba ( int r, int g, int b, int a )

Returns the RGBA quadruplet (r,g,b,a).

The return type TQRgba is equivalent to `unsigned` `int`.

See also tqRgb(), tqRed(), tqGreen(), and tqBlue().

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